9.1
the ability to do work is the definition of this important thing
energy
the fluid portion of the chloroplast, called this, surrounds stacks of thylakoids
stroma
when our electron carrier molecule accepts two electrons and a hydron ion, it becomes this form
NADPH
the energy currency of all living things
this is the alternative name of the light-independent reactions
Calvin cycle
list the three parts of atp
adenine, ribose (5-carbon sugar), and 3 phosphate groups
this special molecule can carry - and then release - high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion in photosynthesis
NADP+
this piece of photosynthesis was discovered second, and is part of our light-dependent reactions
photosystem II
organisms that obtain food by creating it
autotroph
chlorophyll reflect these colored wavelengths of light
green
this type of organism obtains food by eating other living things
heterotroph
thylakoids are stacked and interconnected in piles, called these
grana (granum sing.)
this is main output of photosynthesis, which is created in the light-independent reactions with the help of carbon dioxide
sugar (glucose)
an electron carrier molecule that changes forms between light dependent and light independent reactions
NADP+
write the balanced equation of photsynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O --(light)--> C6H12O6 + 6O2
this action, which converts ADP to ATP, stores a bit of energy away for a later use
a third phosphate group is added
this other plant pigment can really only be seen in the fall, when temperatures drop and chlorophyll breaks down
carotene
water molecules are split apart during the light-dependent reactions to produce these two things
hydrogen ions
electrons
the membranes in chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll
thylakoid
list the three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
water availability, light intensity, temperature
list the three ways cells use energy provided by ATP
- active transport
- synthesize proteins/signal response
- movement
this is the job of the light and the chlorophyll pigments in photosynthesis
absorb light to energize electrons and provide energy to make sugars
carbon enters the calvin cycle as carbon dioxide, and leaves the cycle in this form, before being made into sugars or other compounds
3-carbon compounds
clusters of chlorophyll in proteins
photosystem
these series of proteins in the thylakoids pass the energized electrons, which helps to either bring hydrogen ions in, or create ATP and NADPH
electron transport chain (ETC)