Cell Structures
This organelle contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
What is the chloroplast?
This is the raw material taken in by plants from the air to be used in photosynthesis.
What is carbon dioxide ( CO2)?
The 3 main stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the __________________________.
What is the electron transport chain?
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
It captures chemical energy from food.
Plants convert inorganic carbon into organic carbon during this process.
What is photosynthesis?
The folded inner membrane of the mitochondria where the electron transport chain occurs are called_____
What is the cristae?
The light-dependent reaction produces two high energy products used in the Calvin cycle: _____ and _____.
What are ATP and NADPH?
What molecule is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?
What is oxygen (O2)?
Which bond in ATP stores the most usable energy for work done by cells?
What is the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate?
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together to help regulate carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the air.
Cellular respiration adds carbon dioxide to the air.
The membrane-bound sacs inside chloroplasts that contain light-capturing pigments are called ______.
What are thylakoids?
During the light-dependent reaction, what important gas is produced and from what molecule does it originate?
Oxygen is produced from the splitting of water (H2O).
How much ATP is produced during glycolysis?
Two ATP per glucose.
Consider photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which of these processes releases energy? Which process stores energy?
Photosynthesis uses light energy to make carbohydrates.
Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy.
Why is only a small fraction of energy transferred from trophic level to trophic level?
Most of the energy is lost as heat and used for the organisms metabolic needs.
Name the part of the cell where glycolysis occurs (not an organelle).
What is the cytoplasm?
Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6CO2 +6H20 + sunlight--> C6H12O6 + 602
Write the chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2--->6CO2+6H20 +ATP(energy)
How many ATP are produced during aerobic cellular respiration?
Approximately 30-32 ATP molecules are made per glucose.
Name one way human activity can alter (change) the balance between photosynthesis and respiration in an ecosystem.
Deforestation (cutting down trees) increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Burning fossil fuels increases CO2 in the atmosphere.
Which is generally larger and more complex, chloroplast or mitochondria? Give one structural feature to support your answer.
Chloroplasts are generally larger. They contain thylakoid stacks.
Explain how increasing light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis.
Increased light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis.
What happens to pyruvate in the mitochondria before it enters the Krebs cycle?
Pyruvate is broken down (metabolized). Carbon dioxide and NADH are released.
Describe how the electron transport chain works.
Electrons move step-by-step through protein stations. Each step pumps H+ to one side of the membrane. The build up of H+ rushes back through ATP synthase making lots of ATP. Oxygen is at the end of the chain waiting to grab the electrons and form water.
Explain how carbon moves between the atmosphere and the biosphere.
Photosynthesis coverts inorganic carbon (CO2) into organic molecules like glucose and stores it in plants.
Respiration carried out by animal, plants, and microbes break down organic molecules and release CO2 into the atmosphere.