Vocabulary
This type of energy is used to start photosynthesis
What is solar energy/radiant energy/sunlight?
This is the chemical precursor to glucose
What is G3P?
The light independent reactions can also be called
What is 1) the Calvin cycle and 2) the dark reactions?
This is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule
What phosphorylation?
These organelles contain their own DNA and in sexually reproducing organisms, they are only inherited from the maternal side
What are mitochondria?
This is the chemical formula for glucose
What is C6H12O6?
The Calvin Cycle occurs here
What is the stroma?
The electron transport chain of photosynthesis occurs here
What is the thylakoid membranes?
The energy to allow the Calvin cycle to occur comes from these two molecules
What are ATP and NADPH?
These are pores in plants that open and close to exchange CO2 and O2 with the environment
What are stoma/stomata?
These are the three types of photosynthesis discussed in class
What are 1) C3 Photosynthesis, 2) C4 Photosynthesis, and 3) CAM Photosynthesis?
Explain 'big picture' jobs of photosystem II and photosystem I
What is 'photosystem II energizes electrons that exit chlorophyll and start the ETC; photosystem I reenergizes those same electrons so they can finish the ETC and join NADP+ to form NADPH?'
In C4 photosynthesis, light and dark reactions are split between these two cell types:
What are 1) mesophyll cells and 2) bundle sheath cells?
_______ is the energy molecule of all living organisms AND explain where most of the energy in this molecule resides
What is Adenosine TriPhosphate and 'in the bond between the second and third phosphate?'
List the three biggest factors that affect the rates of photosynthesis
What are 1) temperature, 2) light levels, 3) CO2 concentrations?
These are the three products of photolysis:
What is 1) free electrons, 2) free hydrogen ions, and 3) Oxygen gas?
This is how CAM photosynthesis was named
What is 'Crassulacean Acid Metabolism?'
Explain the major differences between C4 and CAM photosynthesis and give two examples of plants that do each form of photosynthesis
What is 'C4 separates light and dark reactions across space into two different types of cells; CAM plants separate light and dark reactions through time and keep stomata closed during the day; C4 examples are corn, sugarcane, many grass species; CAM examples are cactus, snake plants, aloe, succulents, pineapples, orchids?'
This is the definition of carbon fixation AND when this occurs during photosynthesis
What is ' the process of transforming gaseous, inaccessible carbon into a solid, accessible form of carbon called glucose - occurs during the Calvin Cycle?'
Explain the major difference and a similarity between C4 and CAM photosynthesis
What is 'both processes evolved to minimize water losses in plants; C4 photosynthesis separates light and dark reactions by space and CAM photosynthesis separates light and dark reactions through time?'
Briefly explain how C4 and C3 photosynthesis were named (including the names of the molecules)
What is 'C3 photosynthesis was named after the first, stable carbon compound seen in the dark reactions - called 3-PGA; C4 photosynthesis was also named after the first stable carbon compound observed in the dark reactions - called Malate?'
During the Calvin cycle, _________ is combined with RuBP, __________ exits the cycle to start building glucose, and ribulose-5-phosphate combines with ________________ to regenerate RuBP
What is 1) CO2, 2) G3P, 3) Rubisco?
This is the primary reason that photolysis happens during photosynthesis and where each product goes after photolysis
What is 'to replace electrons lost from chlorophyll - free electrons go back into chlorophyll molecules, free hydrogen goes to ETC on thylakoid membrane, oxygen gas released through stomata?'
These are the major products of 1) photosynthesis, 2) the light reactions, and 3) photolysis:
What is '1) glucose and oxygen gas; 2) oxygen gas, ATP, and NADPH, and 3) oxygen gas, free electrons, and free hydrogen ions/protons?'
This is the definition of a photosystem and where we find photosystems in photosynthesis:
What is 1) a series of membrane-embedded proteins and pigments that form the ETC in photosynthesis; 2) found on the thylakoid membranes?