General
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Alternate Mechanisms
100
Where (in plant cells) does photosynthesis take place?
The chloroplasts
100
What is the name for the packs of wavelengths that light travels in?
Photons
100
What molecule has to be split in order for the transport chain in the thylakoid membranes to occur?
Water
100
The name of the important enzyme used in carbon fixation is:
Rubisco
100
Rubisco normally binds with carbon dioxide in carbon fixation with RuBP. Rubisco also readily binds with another molecule. What is it?
Oxygen
200
What is the name for the tubes that move water and nutrients throughout the plants?
Vascular bundles (xylem and phloem)
200
Where does stage one occur within the chloroplasts? (Be specific)
In a photosystem embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
200
In cyclic electron flow, Ferredoxin (Yush) doesn't pass the electrons to NADP reductase (Mel). Instead he passes the excited electrons to........?
b6-f complex (Nicole)
200
The Krebs cycle is to oxaloacetate as the Calvin cycle is to _____________________.
RuBP
200
Under what conditions are the alternate mechanisms of photosynthesis used?
hot, dry, dessert-like conditions
300
What are the openings in leaves called that let carbon dioxide in and water out? What controls their size?
Stomata, swelling and deflation of guard cells.
300
How does energy move from one chlorophyll b antenna molecule to another?
Electrons are energized, therefore unstable. They want to return to ground state and in order to do that have to release energy. The released energy is transferred to a nearby pigment molecule
300
The b6-f complex pumps protons from the ___________ to the _____________.
stroma to the lumen
300
How many times would the Calvin Cycle need to happen to produce one molecule of glucose? Why?
2 - one cycle gives us one 3C molecule. Glucose is 6C therefore two cycles would give us enough C to create glucose.
300
When oxygen binds to rubisco we only have a 5C molecule instead of the 6C molecule. Why does this create a problem?
5C molecule can't be broken into two 3C molecules which we need to produce the 3C sugar, G3P. Instead it is broken into one 2C molecule and one PGA, resulting in half the energy production and carbon waste through CO2 release
400
What colour do chlorophyll molecules appear and why?
Green, chlorophyll absorbs all other wavelengths except those associated with the colour green.
400
Why was Megan not happy?
She was the chlorophyll a molecule in our photosystem whose electron was excited and then STOLEN by the primary electron acceptor. Poor Megan
400
What is the purpose of the transport chain in the thylakoid membrane?
To convert light energy to chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH so that it can be carried to the Calvin Cycle and used there.
400
What are the three stages within the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon fixation, reduction phase, regeneration of RuBP
400
C4 plants and CAM plants both have an extra carbon fixation cycle along with the Calvin Cycle. These two processes occur separate from each other. How are they separated in C4 plants? CAM plants?
C4 plants - separated by region (C fixation in mesophyll, Calvin Cycle in bundle sheath) CAM - separated by time (C fixation at night, Calvin Cycle during the day)
500
Describe the energy transformation that occurs throughout the process of photosynthesis.
Light energy is captured, converted to chemical energy and then stored in sugars to be used later by the plants.
500
Shorter wavelengths carry higher amounts of energy, therefore hitting a photosystem with only short wavelengths of EM radiation will allow capture of maximum energy. True or false? Explain.
False. Pigments absorb specific wavelengths of light. Therefore in order for energy to be captured by the photosystem it has to be within the optimal range of wavelengths that those pigments absorb.
500
Describe the excitement level of the electron as it passes along the transport chain.
An electron is excited at photosystem II, loses energy as it passes to photosystem I (the most energy lost at b6-f complex). At photosystem I the electron is excited again to make it useful to NADP reductase
500
What would happen in the Calvin Cycle if the electron transport chain went through cyclic electron transport?
the Calvin Cycle wouldn't get NADPH but it would get ATP (we need more ATP than NADPH so this is okay!)
500
What is the purpose of the extra carbon fixation stage in CAM and C4 plants?
fixing carbon at a different time/different region allows for storage of carbon until it is needed by the Calvin Cycle. This ensures there is enough CO2 available to outcompete O2 for rubisco's active site
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