Fact
TRUE/FALSE "Per the FDA, only broad spectrum sunscreens with an SPF value of 30 or higher are able to claim to reduce the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging"
FALSE, Per the FDA, only broad spectrum sunscreens with an SPF value of 15 or higher are able to claim to reduce the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging.
When should you re-apply non–water-resistant sunscreen products?
It should be reapplied at least every 2 hours.
How long it takes for superficial skin injuries to heal?
Within 3–7 days
Give ONE example of skin protectants that can be used for minor skin injury?
Petrolatum OR white petrolatum OE dimethicone OR zinc oxide OR glycerin OR lanolin OR cocoa butter OR colloidal oatmeal.
How do you estimate patient's BSA?
Rule-of-nines OR
Using the patient’s hand, including the palm of the hand and fingers as the measuring tool to estimate 1% BSA
Which of the following is a physical sunscreen?
A. Avobenzone
B. Benzophenone
C. Salicylate
D. Zinc oxide
D. Zinc oxide
A water resistant sunscreen is defined as providing protection for up to how many minutes of continuous water exposure?
40 minutes
TRUE/FALSE "Application of ice is recommended for burn-induced skin injury"
FALSE, as it may cause numbness and intense vasoconstriction, resulting in further tissue damage.
List 3 examples of nonprescription first aid antiseptics that can be use for minor skin injury?
Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, and povidone–iodine solution
Explain physiological skin changes associated with older adults?
List ONE example of NSAIDs that can cause a drug induced phototoxicity reaction?
Celecoxib
Ibuprofen
Indomethacin
Methoxsalen
Naproxen
When should you re-apply water-resistant sunscreen product?
It should be reapplied every 2 hours, after 40 or 80 minutes of swimming or sweating, and immediately after towel drying
When would you recommend the patient to reassess the burn wound?
Reassess burns 24 to 48 hours after the initial burn.
What is the main active ingredient of nonprescription first aid antibiotics?
It consists of one or more of the following active ingredients: bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B sulfate.
Can honey be used for burn-wounds management and why?
Yes. Because honey has high osmolarity, it can absorb exudates from the wound, inhibit bacterial proliferation, and promote moist wound healing.
Evidence suggests that honey can promote healing in partial-thickness burns.
Explain the difference between photoallergy and phototoxicity?
Drug photoallergy involves an increased, chemically induced reactivity of the skin to UVR and/or visible light. UVR (primarily UVA) triggers an antigenic reaction in the skin. This reaction, which is not dose related, is usually seen after at least one prior exposure to the involved chemical agent or drug.
Phototoxicity is not immunologic. It often is seen on first exposure to a chemical agent or drug, is dose related, and usually exhibits no drug cross-sensitivity.
What’s the rationale for using wound dressing for superficial partial-thickness skin injuries?
To keep the area moist, and it may provide some pain relief and prevent entry of bacteria into the affected area
A 21-year-old woman came to your pharmacy asking about the most appropriate wound dressing for minor skin injury. What is your recommendation and rationale?
Adhesive bandages. They are cost-effective wound dressings that are used widely for minor skin injuries. However, given that most bandages do not provide a moist healing environment, topical skin protectant should be used along with bandages
What is the benefit of using skin protectants for minor skin injury (list one benefit)?
- Protect the injured area from irritation caused by friction and rubbing
- Promote moist healing
- Make the injured area less painful
- Prevent scarring
What are non-drug measures for managing superficial burns with no blistering?
True/False "Bacitracin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in gram-negative bacteria. It’s indicated for the treatment of infected wounds".
False, Bacitracin inhibits cell wall synthesis in several gram-positive organisms. It’s indicated for the prevention of infection
What is your recommendation of using topical antibiotic preparations for minor skin injury (area, frequency)?
It should be applied to the skin injury after cleansing and before applying a sterile dressing. It should be performed 1–3 times a day.
A 19-year-old woman with a minor burn injury in her face approached you in the pharmacy asking about the best management approach to minimize scarring. What’s your recommendation?
Explain how ointments products differ from cream products?
Ointments provide a protective film to impede the evaporation of water from the wound area, which helps keep the skin from drying. If the skin is broken, an ointment may not be appropriate. They are more appropriate for minor burns and wounds in which the skin is intact.
Creams allow some fluid to pass through the film and are preferred for application to broken skin.
A 22-year old woman came to your pharmacy looking for an anesthetic cream for her wound injury. She c/o wound secondary to a cat bite on her shoulder. She was bitten by her cat while she was playing with her 2 hours ago. The area is red, inflamed and swollen. Patient reported her pain as a 5 (on a scale of 1–10, with 10 being the worst). What is the most appropriate recommendation for this patient in this case?
Patient needs to consult her doctor given the self-treatment is not recommended for animal bites