The Gait Cycle
Ankle and Foot
Muscle Activity During Gait
Biomechanics
Ligaments
100
The distance between heel strike of the right limb followed by heel strike of the left. (Be specific.)
What is left step length?
100
Inversion and eversion take place at this joint.
What is the subtalar joint?
100

At initial contact of the right lower extremity, the pelvis is in this position.

What is anterior pelvic rotation? (or positioned anteriorly, or entire pelvis rotated to the left side.)

100
The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of force.
What is the moment arm?
100
This ligament prevents excessive valgus at the knee.
What is the medial collateral ligament?
200

This occurs for 20% of the entire gait cycle.

What is double limb support?

200
One muscle that everts the foot but also provides stability to the arch of the foot.
What is the peroneus longus?
200

The muscle that is eccentrically contracting at the end of midswing/terminal swing to control the hip & knee.

What are the hamstrings?

200
The hamstrings are an example of what type of lever in open chain knee flexion?
What is a class III lever?
200
The first ligament most often torn in an ankle sprain? BE SPECIFIC!
What is the anterior talofibular ligament?
300
The point at which the foot clears the ground during swing?
What is midswing?
300
The portion of the foot that is able to adapt to the level of the ground?
What is the forefoot?
300
The point during the gait cycle where the gastrocnemius muscles are concentrically contracting the greatest amount.
What is heel off or terminal stance?
300
The ability to produce rotation about an axis.
What is torque?
400
Supination of the foot is necessary during this portion of the gait cycle. (Name two most important phases)
What is heel off and toe off?
400
This finding at the foot is associated with patellofemoral problems.
What is excessive pronation?
400

During this phase of the gait cycle, the plantarflexors are firing eccentrically to control the knee.

What is midstance?

400

When two forces pull from two different locations, which results in a turning effect.

What is a force couple?

400
This action is a result of passive insufficiency and is very useful for a patient without active finger flexion.
What is tenodesis?
500

The percent of the gait cycle where midstance occurs.

What is 30% (or lists between 15-40%) and/or 80% (or lists between 60-85%)?

500
The connective tissue that keeps the posterior foot closely articulated with the anterior foot. This tissue is often injured.
What is the plantar fascia or plantar aponeurosis?
500

The tibialis posterior contracts eccentrically during the entire phase of the gait cycle.

What is foot flat (loading response)?

500
Daily Double....... not this category :) Counternutation occurs with these two separate motions....
What are trunk extension and hip flexion?
500
The coracoclavicular ligament that is medial.
What is the conoid ligament?
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