Trees
A group of organisms represented by a tip of a phylogenetic tree.
What is a species?
Traits found in the last common ancestor of multiple species.
What are ancestral traits?
The primary group of interest in a phylogenetic tree.
What is the ingroup?
Traits shared among a group of organisms
What are derived traits or synapomorphies?
A clade containing a common ancestor and all its descendants.
What is a monophyletic group?
A split in a phylogenetic, indicating the branching of two species.
What is a node?
Superficially similar traits evolving independently in multiple groups.
What is convergent evolution?
A clade without a common ancestor.
What is a polyphyletic group?
The series of ancestor and descendant populations.
What is a lineage?
Characters reverting to an ancestral state.
What is evolutionary reversal?
A clade that includes a common ancestor, but only some of its descendants.
What is a paraphyletic group>
What is the root?
Functionally similar structures that have independent evolutionary origins.
What are analogous characters?