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100
What is the evolutionary history of a species or a group of species?
Phylogeny
100
what is the modern definition of a species?
a group of closely related organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring
100
humans are members of what group of primates?
apes
100
what are derived characters only humans possess?
upright posture, bipedal locomotion (use two legs to move), language capabilities, symbolic thought, manufacture and use of complex tools, shorter digestive tract
100
the mammalian Order: Primates, includes?
lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes
200
what is the tree of life based largely on and why?
rRNA genes, since we think that these have evolved slowly
200
what allows us to predict features of an ancestor from features (physiological, behavioural, ecological) of its descendants
phylogenetic bracketing
200
what principle states that, given certain rules about how DNA changes over time, a tree can be found that reflects the most likely sequence of evolutionary events?
maximum likelihood
200
Systematists use what three things to infer evolutionary relationships?
fossil, molecular, and genetic data
200
what is the study of human origins and what are more closely related to humans than to chimpanzees?
paleoanthropology, hominins
300
what is Taxonomy?
the ordered division and naming of organisms
300
what does each branch point of a phylogenetic tree represent?
divergence of species
300
an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade is what?
a shared derived character
300
what assumes that the tree that requires the fewest evolutionary events is the most likely?
maximum parsimony
300
homology is a similarity due to what?
shared ancestry
400
analogy similarity is due to what?
convergent evolution
400
what are the five kingdoms?
Monera (prokaryotes), Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
400
what are the three domains?
Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria
400
The discipline of _______ classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships
Systematics
400
the group anthropoids, informally called apes consists of?
gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans
500
what are the three main groups of LIVING primates?
Lemurs, lorises, and pottos/Tarsiers/Anthropoids (monkeys and apes)
500
what does the tree of life suggest about Eukaryotes and Archaea?
that they are more closely related to each other than to bacteria
500
what are derived characters of primates?
most have hands and feet adapted for grasping, large brain, short jaw, forward-looking eyes close together on the face providing depth perception, complex social behaviour, parental care, a fully opposable thumb (in monkeys and apes)
500
a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon is what?
a shared ancestral character
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what is a clade?
a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants
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