PEPTIDES!
Given the importance of maintaining plasma glucose levels constant during exercise, insulin secretion would be expected to ______________ during exercise.
Decrease
When would Insulin secretion be highest?
after a meal high in carbohydrates.
TRUE/FALSE
Abundant evidence indicates that rigorous exercise training can result in a conversion of muscle fiber type.
BUT...
TRUE.
Only about 10%
Skeletal muscle fibers that contain moderate-to-high numbers of mitochondria could be classified as:
either type I or type IIa
TRUE/FALSE
In contrast to power athletes, endurance athletes typically possess a low percentage of slow fibers and a high percentage of fast fibers.
A hormone that is released from the pancreas at a higher rate during exercise to mobilize liver glucose and adipose tissue fatty acids is:
Glucagon
_______________ and ______________ are collectively known as catecholamines.
epinephrine; norepinephrine
Evidence suggests that the best strategy to overcome muscle soreness is:
Massage therapy
A highly successful endurance athlete would likely have ________________ compared to a sedentary person.
a higher percentage of type I fibers
Delayed onset of muscle soreness is likely due to____________.
Microscopic tears in the muscle resulting in calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
During exercise, epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulate liver glycogenolysis indirectly by:
A. increasing glucagon secretion from the pancreas.
B. increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas.
C. increasing the uptake of FFA by muscle.
D. lowering plasma cortisol concentration.
A
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are responsible for all of the following effects except:
a) They inhibit insulin release from the pancreas
b) They promote glucagon production from the pancreas
c) They promote glycogen breakdown in the liver
d) They promote glycogen formation in skeletal muscle
D
_________________ contractions elicit the most muscular soreness.
Eccentric.
Which of the following has been shown to cause muscle fatigue?
A. the accumulation H+
B. the accumulation of ATP
C. the accumulation of inorganic phosphate
D. both A and C are correct
What is the most important element of a resistance training prescription for developing muscle hypertrophy?
Number of Sets/Volume of training
Describe the two mechanisms by which muscle glycogen is broken down to glucose (glycogenolysis) for use in glycolysis.
Liver and skeletal muscle.
What two hormones work together to increase the rate and force of heart contraction, increase glycogenolysis, redistribute blood to the skeletal muscles, increase blood pressure, and increase respiration?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
If someone performs strength training and cardio in the same workout session, briefly describe why their ability to undergo hypertrophy is limited?
interference effect:
caused by central nervous system fatigue resulting from aerobic exercise, which reduces our capacity for motor unit recruitment during subsequent strength training workouts.
The amount of force exerted during muscular contraction is dependent on the: (4)
1.The number of muscle fibers innervated per somatic motor neuron (motor unit).
2.Synchronous firing of motor units.
3.The frequency of stimulation of the muscle, i.e., the number of impulses per second.
4.The size of the muscle fibers themselves.
What influence does resistance exercise order have on muscular strength gains and muscle hypertrophy?
Increases in strength are greatest in exercises that are performed at the beginning of a training session. Therefore, to optimize strength gain in a given exercise, that exercise should be performed at the beginning of the training session.
__________ accelerates lipolysis, releasing free fatty acids into the blood so they can be taken up by the cells and used for energy production. e
Cortisol
The pituitary gland is largely controlled by the __________.
Hypothalamus
Detraining; the stoppage of resistance training results in a loss of muscular strength and muscle atrophy, results in the greatest loss of what type of skeletal muscle fibre?
IIx
1.Synchronization and Recruitment of Additional Motor Units.
2.Increased Rate Coding of Motor Units.
3.Increased Neural Drive.
4.Autogenic Inhibition.
If protein synthesis would be more rapid than protein degradation, the result would be:
Hypertrophy