General PAMs Info
PAMs come in various form of energy and are used to? ( 4)
1. modulate pain,
2. modify tissue healing
3. increase tissue extensibility
4. modify skin and scar tissue
This type of PAM is used for people with acute injuries or trauma. It decreasing spasticity, spasms, and reduces edema.
Cryotherapy
We discussed 6 examples of cryotherapy modalities in class. What are 4 of them?
1. cold packs
2. ice massage
3. cold/ice water immersion baths
4. cool whirlpool
5. Vapocoolant sprays
6.
Which PAM should never be applied to areas of compromised/impaired circulation or over a deep open wound?
Cryotherapy
The maximum amount of time for application of a cryotherapy modality is ______ minutes.
20
PAMs are used as an ______ method to prepare for engagement in occupation?
adjunctive
This type of PAM is used to increase cell metabolism, blood flow, soft tissue elasticity, extensibility of collagen tissue, metabolic rate and subjective “comfort”. It also decreases muscle spasms and pain.
Thermotherapy(Superficial/Deep Heat Agents)
What are the two examples of Electrotherapy?
1. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
2. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
For patients with demand type pacemakers, epilepsy or malignancies, peripheral vascular disease or infection, which type of PAM would be contraindicated?
Electrotherapy
When applying a thermal agent, what two things should be the therapist do to ensure safety?
1. Position the patient in a way that reduces possible edema
2. monitor skin for burns and for patient's response
TRUE or FALSE: All occupational therapy practitioners must check with their specific state for requirements and certification necessary for the use of modalities
TRUE
Electrotherapy is the use of electric current to stimulate muscle contraction. List 4 reasons why we would want to do this?
1. to maintain muscle mass
2. to maintain or gain range of motion
3. to facilitate voluntary motor control
4. to promote wound healing
5. to decrease edema
6. to relax muscle spasms and spasticity
7. to control pain
Diathermy is the use of electrical or mechanical currents. And Therapeutic Ultrasound is the use of inaudible acoustic energy. These are examples of what type of PAM?
Deep Thermotherapy
Electrotherapy
The use of direct electrical current to deliver topical medication or ionized drugs into the epidermis or mucous membranes of selected tissue.
Iontophoresis
What are procedures or interventions applied to modify specific client factors that limit occupational performance?
Physical Agent Modalities
Which type of PAM is used to impact the healing process?
Phonopheresis
List all 5 examples of superficial thermotherapy agents.
1. hot packs
2. heating pads
3. Paraffin baths
4. Fluidotherapy
5. Whirlpool
Which PAM should not be used when the patient has sensation or circulatory impairments or undetermined edema? It should also not be used during the acute, inflammatory phase of healing.
Thermotherapy
Patients with tumors/cancer, deep vein thrombosis, infections, advanced cardiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, semi-comatose or impaired mental status are NOT candidates for which modality?
Thermotherapy
What are the 8 types/categories of PAMs?
1. Wound Healing
2. Cryotherapy
3. Thermotherapy: superficial heat agents
4. Therapeutic Ultrasound and Phonopheresis
5. Electrotherapy
6. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
7. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
8. Iontophoresis
Which type of PAM is used to treat inflammatory conditions or modify scar tissue and manipulate the healing process?
Iontophoresis
Use of dry suspended particles in a hot air stream is called what?
Fluidotherapy (a type of superficial heating agent)
Angela recently had a knee surgery and currently has staples keeping her incision closed but she experiences lots of pain. She noticed another patient was using a TENS unit and wanted to try it to relieve her pain. Why can't we use the TENS unit on Angela?
TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) is a form of electrotherapy and is contraindicated when someone has superficial metal pins, plates, or hardware.
The use of ultrasound to deliver topically applied drugs (mostly corticosteroids) into deep underlying targeted tissues.
Phonopheresis