Estim for Pain
The two main mechanisms of how electrical stimulation helps control pain
What is gate control and opioid release
This describes directional movement of cells in response to an electric field
The opening in the spine where the spinal nerve exits
What is intervertebral foramen
Muscle fiber type stimulated first with electrical stimulation
What is type II
EMG's detect this type of activity
What is myoelectric (ionic) activity
The type of TENS that stimulates opioid release
What is low rate/acupuncture TENS
This electrode should be used to promote healing of an infected wound
What is negative
The position of the spine needed to focus traction forces on lower levels.
What is extension
The exercise principle that explains how higher loads increase strength
This can be adjusted to increase or decrease the EMG sensitivity
What is "gain"
The length of time pain relief is expected to last with Low-Rate TENS
What is 4-5 hours
This type of electrical current is typically used for tissue healing.
What is direct current or high volt pulsed current
Symptoms that spread further down the extremity following nerve compression
What is peripheralization
The type of electrical stimulation to stimulate denervated muscle.
What is EMS
This is the time from resting to reach peak amplitude
What is contraction latency
The type of electrical stimulation for pain that uses two channels
What is IFC
This describes the transdermal delivery of a drug using electrical current
What is iontophoresis
The percent of body weight required to treat muscle spasms in the lumbar spine
What is 25%
The ratio of on and off times typically used for electrical muscle stimulation during initial treatments
What is 1:5
The goal set by the clinician
What is threshold
This is observed when adjusting Low-rate TENS to the appropriate amplitude
What is small muscle contractions
This amount of time is needed to deliver a 40 mA*min dose at an amplitude of 2.5mA.
The symptoms of this disc protrusion type may be worsened with mechanical traction
What is medial disc protrusion
What is 200-350μs
Reducing this following an injury/surgery will increase muscle performance