Physical
Controls areas dedicated to emotional and creative impulses, including appreciation of music, art, and poetry.
What is the right half of the brain?
Children speak and understand more than one language.
What is bilingual?
In order for children to read, they must “break the code” from spoken to written words. One step is to connect letters and sounds (e.g., “A, alligators all around” or “B is for baby”).
What is Code-Focused teaching?
science, technology, engineering, art, music
What is STEAM?
Harms permanent teeth (forming below the first teeth) and can cause jaw malformation, chewing difficulties, and speech problems.
What is poor oral health?
Breaking down something (e.g., a task or story) into steps or parts—and then putting them in a logical order
What is sequencing?
Within each child’s zone of proximal development, mentors help children expand vocabulary. That requires teachers who know each child’s zone and individualize conversation.
What is language enhancement?
Combines 3 abilities: memory, inhibition and flexibility.
What is executive function?
Can be an advantage in some professions, especially those involving creativity and split-second, emotional responses.
What is left-handedness?
Encouraging a child to talk briefly about the highlights of the day or the main events in a book
What is summarizing?
When parents know how to encourage cognition (listening and talking), children become better readers. Adult vocabulary expands children’s vocabulary.
What is parent education?
The belief of many young children that natural objects (such the sun and clouds) are alive and that nonhuman animals have the same characteristics as the child.
What is animism?
Controls areas dedicated to logical reasoning, detailed analysis, and the basics of language.
What is the left half of the brain?
Executive function is required to inhibit one language in order to speak the other
Why is being bilingual beneficial to the brain lifelong?
Children learn from teachers, songs, excursions, and other children. (We discuss variations of early education next, but every study finds that preschools advance language acquisition.)
What is early-education programs?
Temporary support that is tailored to a learner’s needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner master the next task in a given learning process.
What is scaffolding?
Play dough, tweezers, beads, scissors, markers.
What helps develop fine motor skills?
Read a story and the child summarizes what he heard.
What is story retelling?
Vocabulary and print-awareness develop when adults read to children.
What is book-reading?
Promotes brain development, advancing both theory of mind and executive function.
What is social interaction?