Relative Balance
The percentage of water on Earth that is fresh
What is 2.8%?
The process of lifting by convergence
What happens when two similar air masses converge, are forced to rise, and form clouds?
Weather and Climate
What are the atmospheric conditions over a short period?
How does the atmosphere behave over long periods, using decades of data?
Our current location in the Koppen Climate Classification System
What is BS (Dry Climate, Semiarid)?
The neutral biomass carbon cycle
What is the rapid natural cycle where biogenic carbon dioxide is released and absorbed again as regular carbon dioxide?
How air might feel with a Dew Point of 28.18
What is Very Uncomfortable?
A warm and wet air mass originating from the equator or other tropical regions
What is a Maritime Tropical (mT) Air Mass?
The difference between hurricanes and tropical cyclones
What is TRICK QUESTION!
Name 4 of the 6 climate drivers
What are
1. Latitude & Insolation
2. Air masses
3. Location of global high- and low-pressure zones (Convection Cells)
4. Ocean currents
5. Topography (Elevation)
6. Land/water distribution
Name some of the extreme events that can be expected in a future of rising temperatures?
What are extreme heat, extreme precipitation, flooding, new breeding grounds for diseases, drought, sea level rise, changes in wildfire patterns, food production problems, smaller rainforests, and glacier and permafrost loss?
Transpiration
What is the exhalation of water vapor through the stomata?
Mountains, or other large obstacles, force air to rise, forming clouds
What is Orographic Precipitation or Rain Shadows?
Storm Surge
What is the abnormal rise in water level caused by a storm or hurricane?
The reason Snowball Earth ended
What is
Accumulated carbon dioxide from volcanoes trapped heat, which started excessive greenhouse gas effects, allowing planet-wide ice to melt
The year when Joseph Fourier proposed the Greenhouse Effect by claiming that Earth's atmosphere trapped heat
When is 1824 (1820-30)?
Condensation in the context of Relative Humidity
What happens after Relative Humidity reaches 100%?
The formation of a severe thunderstorm where sizable hailstones are produced
What is,
Air rises fast and goes very high, where the temperature is freezing, and water droplets freeze and accumulate layers until they turn into ice balls that fall as hail.
The sustained wind speed needed to create a hurricane
What is over 74 mph?
Name two pieces of evidence scientists use to discover information about how the world has changed in millions of years
What are scratches in exposed rock, oxygen isotopes in sediment/seashells, oxygen isotopes in ice cores, and tree rings
The number of people living in Low Elevation Coastal Zones who will be displaced by sea level rise
What is more than 600 million?
The absorbed latent heat needed for vaporization
What is 540 calories absorbed?
Tornado Formation
Extremely low-pressure vortices descend from powerful thunderstorms to the ground.
Mid-latitude continents, warm and cold air masses collide, strong polar jet adds wind shear, early spring/summer
The two things that can stop hurricanes
What are Strong Upper Air Winds and Continents?
Differences in the Earth's tilt, measured in 41,000-year cycles as the tilt moves between 22.1 and 24.5 degrees
What is Obliquity?
3 of the 6 truths for making real progress
OR
For 600 points, the Emperor's full name in Star Wars
What are
1. Infinite growth is impossible on a finite planet.
2. The fastest way to reduce future harm is to reduce emissions now.
3. There is no single technological fix.
4. Everything is connected; narrow solutions often create unintended consequences elsewhere.
5. A durable transition should be fair.
6. Hard transitions require trust, resilience, and strong relationships.
OR
Sheev Palpatine