Physical vs. Chemical properties
What are physical properties?
Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition.
What is the difference between a chemical process and a physical process in chemistry?
a physical process changes the form or appearance of a substance without altering its chemical composition, while a chemical process involves the formation of new substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
What is energy transfer?
Energy transfer is the process by which energy moves from one place or system to another, or changes from one form to another.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred from one form to another.
What are the 3 main forms of energy?
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Thermal Energy
What are chemical properties?
Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts or interacts with other substances, often resulting in the formation of new substances.
When does the breaking of chemical bonds release energy?
when new chemical bonds are formed
What are the three main ways heat can be transferred?
The three main ways heat can be transferred are conduction, convection, and radiation.
What does "closed system" mean in the context of conservation of energy?
A closed system is one where no energy or matter enters or leaves the system from external sources.
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic energy: is the energy an object has due to its motion, while potential energy is stored energy that an object has due to its position or condition
How do physical and chemical properties differ?
Physical properties describe the appearance and characteristics of a substance, while chemical properties describe its reactivity and ability to undergo chemical changes.
Why is mass conserved in chemical reactions
because atoms are neither created nor destroyed, but rather rearranged to form new substances
What is conduction
Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between objects or materials.
Give an example of energy being transformed from one form to another.
A burning candle transforms chemical energy (from the wax) into light and heat energy.
How can energy be converted from one form to another?
Energy can be converted from one form to another. For example, a light bulb converts electrical energy into light and heat energy
Give examples of physical properties.
Examples include color, density, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and state of matter (solid, liquid, gas).
What is an unimolecular reaction with an example?
A unimolecular reaction occurs when a molecule rearranges itself to produce one or more products
What is convection?
Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
Give an example of energy conservation in everyday life. (try using a roller coaster for example)
A roller coaster converts potential energy (at the top of the hill) into kinetic energy (as it goes down) and back again, with some energy lost to friction and air resistance
What are some important concepts related to energy?
Energy is conserved: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another
Give examples of chemical properties.
Examples include flammability, reactivity with water or acids, and ability to rust or corrode.
Explain the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions and provide examples of each.
Endothermic reactions absorb energy (usually in the form of heat) from their surroundings, causing the surroundings to feel cold, while exothermic reactions release energy (usually as heat) into their surroundings, making them feel warm
Explain the concept of "energy dissipation" and provide examples where energy is seemingly "lost" during transfer or transformation, but is actually transformed into a different form.
Energy dissipation refers to the process where energy is transferred from a system to its surroundings, often in the form of heat, and becomes less useful for doing work. While it appears "lost," the energy is actually transformed, not destroyed.
Is energy ever "lost" in a closed system?
No, energy is never "lost" in a closed system; it simply changes form.
Explain the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and provide examples of each
Renewable: Sources that can be replenished naturally within a human timescale (e.g., solar, wind, hydroelectric)
Non-Renewable: Sources that are finite and cannot be replenished within a human timescale (e.g., fossil fuels, nuclear)