Nature of Energy
What is energy?
The ability to do work
What is gravitational potential energy?
The energy an object has because of its position and how gravity may affect it
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another
What is a collision?
When two or more objects hit into each other
If temperature is constant, and the volume of a container decreases, what happens to the pressure?
It increases
What is the SI unit of energy, and what is its symbol?
Joules (J)
What has greater thermal energy: an object at 34 degrees celsius or an object at 18 degrees celsius?
34 degrees celsius
What is momentum? Please give one example.
Momentum is a quantity of motion that an object has
What is the law of conservation of momentum?
That all momentum is conserved within the system
When pressure is constant, how are volume and temperature related?
They are directly proportional.
What are 2 similarities and differences between kinetic energy and potential energy?
Similarities: both energy, both depend on mass
Differences: KE--energy of motion, PE--energy of position or condition; KE depends on velocity, PE depends on gravity
Name the energy type(s) that is used for the following examples:
Listening to music
Charging a cell phone
An exploding firework
Acoustic
Electric, thermal
Thermal, acoustic, radiant
What are the SI units of momentum?
kgxm/s
Name the 3 types of collisions.
Elastic, partially elastic, and inelastic
Which gas law shows the relationship between pressure and volume?
Boyle's law
The world record for pole vaulting is 6.15m. If the pole vaulter's gravitational potential is 494.2 J, what is his mass?
80.4 kg
A nuclear power plant creates energy to power houses. What type of energy is being converted to what type of energy in this example?
Nuclear to electrical energy
Which has more momentum: a 1000 kg car moving 1 m/s or a 70 kg person sprinting at 11 m/s?
The car
What type of collision is the following example?
Car crashing into a tree
Inelastic collision
The volume of a sample of gas is 25.0 mL when the temperature is 270 K. If the temperature is changed to 30.0 degrees celsius, what will be the new volume occupied by the gas, if the pressure is constant?
28 mL
You throw a baseball with a mass of 0.15 kg. If its kinetic energy is 97.2 J, then what is the speed it is traveling at?
36 m/s
Name all 9 types of energy that we discussed in class.
Mechanical energy, thermal energy, acoustic energy, electrical energy, magnetic energy, radiant energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, mass energy
What is the momentum of a 2.3 kg ball moving 35 meters in 2.1 seconds?
38 kgxm/s
Which collision conserves momentum, but not kinetic energy?
Partially elastic collisions
If 22.5 L of nitrogen at 745 mmHg are compressed to 725 mmHg constant temperature. What is the new volume?
23.2 L