Layers of the Earth
Rocks and Minerals
Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
100

Which is more dense?: Oceanic or continental crust

Oceanic crust

100

A ____________ is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a characteristic chemical composition.

mineral
100
Which theory claims that the continents were once all connected as Pangea, then broke apart over a long period of time?
Continental Drift
100
What is a movement in the earth's lithosphere that occurs when rocks suddenly shift, releasing stored energy?
An Earthquake
100
A volcano is a mountain formed when what reaches the surface?
Magma
200

Which level of the core is made of solid iron?: Inner or Outer core

Inner core
200
Which process transforms sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks into one another through changes in pressure and temperature over time?
The Rock Cycle
200
Which underwater feature is responsible for creating new oceanic crust?
Mid Ocean Ridge
200
What is the result of an underwater earthquake/volcano/landslide?
Tsunami
200
What is the location in a volcano where magma accumulates until enough pressure builds to start an eruption?
Magma chamber
300

Which of the following layers experiences the most pressure?: Crust, Mantle, or Core

The Core
300

Name 3 of the properties used to identify one mineral from another

Crystal structure, color, streak, luster, density, hardness, fracture/cleavage

300
What is one of the pieces of evidence that supports seafloor spreading?
1) Bands of reversed polarity spreading from the mid ocean ridge.

2) Crust furthest from the mid ocean ridge is much older than crust nearest to it.

300
What is the difference between a fault and a fold?
Faults are separate slabs of rock that slide past each other and folds are squeezed, but not broken
300
If the shell formed after an eruption collapses, it creates a huge depression, called a __________, at the top of the volcano.
caldera
400

Oceanic crust is often __________ than continental crust.

Thinner/Denser
400
Which class of rocks includes clastic, chemical, and organic
Sedimentary
400
How does a transform fault behave? 
Plates slide along each other in opposite directions
400
What is the location at the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake?
The epicenter
400
High viscosity magma is associated with which types of eruptions?
Explosive
500

As you go deeper into the earth, the temperature _________.

Increases
500

While testing a mineral, you find that it is able to be scratched with your fingernail, but not the penny.

What does this mean about the mineral's hardness?

It is somewhere between 2.5 and 3 on the Mohs hardness scale.
500
Name and give an example of each type of plate boundary.
1) Convergent --> Andes/Himalayas

2) Divergent    --> Mid-ocean ridge
3) Transform    --> San Andreas fault


500

Rank the three seismic waves from fastest-to-slowest

1) P waves
2) S waves
3) Surface waves
500
Name and describe the two kinds of lava flows seen in quiet eruptions.
1) aa  --> chunks

2) pahoehoe --> smooth coils

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