States of Matter
Changing States
Properties of Fluids
Properties of Gases
Math Problems
100
Which state of matter has no fixed shape or volume?
Gas
100
What is it called when a gas cools to become a liquid?
Condensation
100
What is buoyancy?
the ability of a fluid - a liquid or a gas - to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it
100
What is one principle of kinetic theory?
Any of these are correct:
all matter is composed of atoms
atoms are in constant random motion
the atoms collide with each other and the walls of their container
the amount of energy lost from these collisions is negligible
100
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 101 kPa. What is the force exerted on a cat if the average surface area of a cat is 0.3 m2?
101 = F/0.3
101 x 0.3 = F
30.3 N = F
200
Which state of matter has particles that are close together but slide past each other?
Liquid
200
What is it called when a gas cools to a solid?
deposition
200
What is density? How does that relate to whether an object floats or not?
Density is the amount of mass per unit volume. A denser object will sink and a less dense object will float.
200
What causes air pressure?
The collision of gas atoms with each other and the things around them
200
A hydraulic lift is used to lift a heavy machine that is pushing down on a 5.0 m2 platform with a force of 2,750 N. What force must be exerted on a 0.05 m2 piston to lift the heavy machine?
27.5 N
300
Which state of matter has particles that are packed close together and vibrate in place?
Solid
300
What is it called when a solid warms to a gas?
sublimation
300
What is pressure? What units is it measured in?
Pressure is force per unit area. It is measured in Pascals or kilopascals
300
What is Boyle's Law?
If you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temperature constant, the pressure from the gas will increase
300
A weather balloon has a volume of 20.0 L when it is released from sea level, where the pressure is 101 kPa. What will be the balloon’s volume when it reaches an altitude where the pressure is 39.0 kPa?
51.8 L
400
Which state of matter is the most common in the universe?
Plasma
400
What is the heat of fusion?
the energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at the melting point
400
What is viscosity? What is an example of a fluid that is very viscous?
The resistance of a fluid to flowing. Syrup, honey, and glue are all examples of fluids that are viscous.
400
What is Charles's Law?
The volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature as long as the pressure on the gas does not change
400
A 0.50 L balloon at room temperature (20.0oC) is placed into a refrigerator at 11.0oC. What is the volume of the balloon after it cools in the refrigerator?
0.48 L
500
What is an amorphous solid?
A solid that lacks a crystalline structure
500
What is happening at point D on the diagram? Explain what is happening to the energy and particles.
At D, the substance is vaporizing, meaning it is changing state from a liquid to a gas. The energy being input is used to break the attractions between particles.
500
What is Bernoulli's Principle?
The fluid flows from high to low pressure, and the lower the pressure, the faster the velocity
500
What happens to the pressure when we increase the temperature, but keep the volume constant?
The pressure goes up (because increased temperature causes the particles to move faster, so they collide with each other and the container more, increasing pressure)
500
If the temperature of a balloon is doubled and its volume is halved, how will its pressure change?
It's pressure will be quadrupled