Atoms
What are the two regions each atom is split into?
The nucleus (where protons and neutrons can be found) & the electron cloud (where the electrons are)
Matter is anything that...
has mass and takes up space
Mixtures result when...
two or more substances are mixed together
Bonds result when atoms exchange or share electrons to become
stable
A change in the chemical make up of a substance is know as a...
reaction
What does an atom's atomic number tell you?
The number of protons that can be found in it's nucleus
What is a change that does not alter the identity of a substance known as?
Physical change
________ mixtures have visibly different substances (such as sand mixed with iron filings)
Heterogeneous
Covalent bonds occur between...
nonmetals
7
Neutrons have the same _____ as protons
mass
Name four physical properties of matter
Color, shape, size, density, melting point, boiling point, magnetic properties, conductive properties
_______ mixtures have a uniform composition, where you cannot tell the difference between the substances (such as saltwater)
Homogeneous
What is a bond between two metals referred to as?
A metallic bond
What is the most basic versus most acidic that a substance can be
most basic: 14, most acidic: 0
Atoms that have the same identity (same atomic number) but have a different amount of neutrons are known as...
isotypes
What is an example of a chemical change?
Rust forming on iron, burning wood, food being broken down in your body, yeast and sugar that causes dough to rise, etc.
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
A mixture is a combination of substances where each substance's physical properties stay the same, and a compound is a substance formed by chemical combination of elements, where they lose their original physical properties
A bond between a metal and a nonmetal is known as...
an ionic bond
Describe the difference between polar and non-polar molecules
polar molecules have an unequal sharing of electrons, while non-polar molecules have an even number of shared electrons
What is the charge of a neutron? How about that of an electron as well as a proton?
Neutron: 0, electron: -1, proton: +1
Explain conservation of mass
Where an atom's mass is the same before and after a reaction (no mass is created or destroyed, it is just rearranged)
What are the three types of mixtures
Colloids, suspensions, solutions
In ionic bonds, metals always _____ electrons, while nonmetals always _____ them
lose; gain
Describe the process by which an electrolyte is formed
ionic compounds are mixed in water, the water tears apart the ions, and now all the positive ions are now separated from the negative ions, forming an electrolyte