Atoms
Which two subatomic particles are located inside the nucleus of an atom, and which particle orbits outside the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus; electrons orbit outside the nucleus.
What is the rule that states energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another?
The Law of Conservation of Energy
Force definition
A push or pull interaction between objects, often causing an object to accelerate, change velocity, or deform.
how do you know when an object is in motion?
An object is in motion if it's position changes in relation to a reference point.
Is freezing fruit juice to make popsicles a physical or chemical change
Physical change. The juice changes state from liquid to solid, but it is still juice.
A neutral atom of Carbon-14 has an atomic number of 6. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?
6 Protons, 8 Neutrons,6 Electrons
On a roller coaster, where does the cart have the maximum potential energy, and where does it have the maximum kinetic energy?
Potential energy is max at the top of the highest hill; Kinetic energy is max at the bottom of the highest hill.
What is the force that pulls objects towards each other
Gravity
what is a reference point?
A stationary object used to determine if another object is in motion.
Why is burning wood considered a chemical change
The wood reacts with oxygen to produce new substances like ash, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
If a neutral sulfur atom (Atomic Number 16, Mass Number 32) gains two electrons, what is the new charge of the atom, and how does the number of protons compare to the number of electrons?
The charge becomes -2 (anion). There are now 16 protons and 18 electrons.
A burning candle changes chemical energy into what two other main forms of energy?
Light energy and thermal (heat) energy
What is the force that resists motion between two sliding surfaces
Friction.
What is velocity?
speed in a given direction
Is breaking a glass bottle a chemical change?
No it is a Physical change
An atom has a nucleus containing 12 protons and 14 neutrons, and it is electrically neutral. How many electrons does this atom have, and where are they located?
12 electrons, located in the electron cloud outside the nucleus. A neutral atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons.
a 2 kg bowling ball is held 3 meters in the air, and a 2 kg tennis ball is held 3 meters in the air, which one has more gravitational potential energy?
They have the same potential energy because energy depends on mass and height, not the size of the object.
What is the force produced by a rubber band or spring called
Elasticity or tension.
Define speed. How do you calculate speed?
the distance an object travels per unit of time. Distance /Time= speed
When you mix baking soda and vinegar, it fizzes. What kind of change is this?
Chemical change
An unknown element is in Group 18 and Period 3.How many valence electrons does this atom have
8 valence electrons.
Why can’t a rollercoaster, once launched, run forever without stopping, even if it is a "closed system"?
Because of the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy is not destroyed, but friction and air resistance convert the mechanical energy into unusable thermal energy (heat).
What happens to an object when a stronger force is applied
The object moves faster or changes direction more quickly
what is the speed of an object that takes 10 seconds to travel 300 meters?
300 meters/ 10 seconds = 30 meters/ second
Is dissolving salt in water a physical change?
Yes