Energy Transformation
Kinetic and Potential Energy
Newton's Laws of Motion
Properties of Matter
Waves
100
Which type of energy does an object have when it is in motion?
What is kinetic energy?
100
Which two factors determine an object’s kinetic energy?
Mass and velocity
100
What does Newton’s First Law of Motion state?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
100
What is the main difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
A pure substance has a fixed composition, while a mixture consists of two or more substances physically combined.
100
What is the main difference between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves?
Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to travel, while mechanical waves require a medium (such as air or water) to propagate.
200
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.
200
How does the height of an object affect its potential energy?
The higher the object, the greater its potential energy.
200
How does Newton’s Second Law (F = ma) relate to force, mass, and acceleration?
Force is equal to mass times acceleration; the more mass, the more force is required to accelerate the object.
200
What type of mixture has the same composition throughout and is called a "solution"?
Homogeneous mixture.
200
What is the term for the highest point of a transverse wave?
Crest
300
What happens to the energy of a roller coaster when it reaches the highest point ?
The roller coaster has maximum potential energy and minimal kinetic energy at this point.
300
In a microphone, sound energy from your voice is converted into electrical energy. What type of energy does the microphone convert it into when it sends the signal to a speaker?
What is electrical energy to sound energy?
300
What is an example of Newton’s Third Law of Motion?
When you push against a wall, the wall pushes back with an equal and opposite force.
300
What happens to the particles of a solid when thermal energy is added?
The particles begin to vibrate more quickly and may eventually break free from their fixed positions, changing the solid to a liquid.
300
Which type of wave is a sound wave?
Mechanical wave (longitudinal)
400
A drawn bow possesses mechanical energy in the form of _______________. After the arrow is released, the energy is transformed into _________________.
elastic potential energy; kinetic energy
400
If the mass of an object increases, what happens to its potential energy?
The potential energy increases.
400
What is the relationship between mass and the amount of force needed to accelerate an object?
Heavier objects require more force to accelerate.
400
Which property would you use to identify a substance's ability to burn or react with another substance?
Chemical property (e.g., combustibility).
400
What part of a longitudinal wave is where particles are closest together?
Compression.
500
How does energy change between kinetic and potential energy in a system like a roller coaster?
As the roller coaster rises, potential energy increases; as it falls, potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
500
In a roller coaster, why does the car at point A have more potential energy than the car at point C?
Point A is higher, so the car has more stored potential energy.
500
How would you explain the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces?
Balanced forces cause no change in motion, while unbalanced forces cause a change in motion.
500
How can you determine if a change in a substance is physical or chemical?
If the substance's chemical composition changes (e.g., gas forms, precipitate forms, or energy changes), it's a chemical change; otherwise, it's physical.
500
How does sound behave when it travels through different materials?
Sound travels faster through denser materials because particles are closer together, facilitating energy transfer.