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A broad explanation that explains how or why something happens is known in science as a . . .
Scientific Theory
A description that is based on observations that occur in nature under certain conditions is a . . .
Scientific Law
Name a non-contact force.
gravitational, magnetic, or electrostatic
mass
An object's gravitational pull depends on what?
Mass and distance
What is significant about the elements in each group on the periodic table?
they have similar properties and the same number of valence electrons
If you visit the moon which has less gravity than earth how would your mass and weight be impacted?
mass would remain the same, but your weight would be less
An object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by what type of force?
unbalanced
An object in motion will stay in motion and continue at the same speed and direction if no unbalanced forces act upon it. True or False?
True
How is speed calculated?
Distance divided by time
If a wave has a shorter wavelength it will have what type of frequency?
Higher
Do all light waves travel at the same speed?
Yes, speed of light!
Why do objects appear a certain color?
because they reflect that color of light and absorb the others
When does a roller coaster cart have the most potential?
At the top of a hill
A toy car being pushed down a ramp will have more potential or kinetic energy at the base of the ramp?
kinetic energy
Rubbing objects together involves what energies?
mechanical (motion), thermal (heat), and chemical (stored in materials)
Heat always flows how?
from warmer to cooler objects
When you are moving an object against gravity what energy will increase?
potential
Define the differences between a physical change and a chemical change of an object and give an example of each.
physical changes do not change the substance's identify while a chemical change creates a new substance
Physical changes: breaking glass/change of state/tearing paper/etc.
Chemical changes: wood burning/striking a match/baking a cake/metal rusting/etc.
What would the density of an object with a mass of 300g and a volume of 10ml be?
Density = mass/volume
D = 300/10
D = 30 g/ml
What are the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from longest wavelengths to shortest wavelengths?
radio/microwave/infrared/visible/UV/x-rays/gamma
What is the range of the pH scale and what does each end of the scale represent?
range is 0 to 14 while anything above 7 is a base (alkalinity) and anything under 7 is acidic with 7 being a neutral
Rachel is testing to see what fertilizer works best to increase the fruit production of tomato plants. She has 4 of the same type of tomato plants potted in the same type of pots with the same potting soil. One plant receives 200ml of water each day while the other three plants each receive a solution of 200ml of water with 10ml of a different type of fertilizer. All of the plants are left on a bench and receive the same amount of sunlight each day. Identify the constant/controlled, independent, and dependent variables in this experiment.
control: sunlight, plant, pot, soil, amount of water
independent: type of fertilizer
dependent: amount of fruit produced
Three defining physical properties that can be observed without changing the substance and used to record measurement data include . . .
mass, volume, and density
Describe the makeup of an atom and how we can determine the number of subatomic particles of an element using the periodic table.
nucleus has protons and neutrons while electrons orbit around the nucleus in the electron cloud - periodic table shows number of protons (and electrons) with the atomic number then we can subtract that from the atomic mass and get the number of neutrons in the element's atom