The Universe/Solar System
Milky Way is the name of our __.
Galaxy
On the H-R Diagram, what color will stars with a HIGH surface temperature appear?
Blue
___ causes days, ___ causes years, and ___ causes seasons on Earth.
rotations - revolution - the tilt
What keeps Earth in its orbit around the Sun?
Gravity
Planets orbit around the Sun in an ___ orbit.
Elliptical
Our solar system is located inside a ____, which is located inside a _____.
On the H-R Diagram, what color will stars with a LOW surface temperature appear? and where on the diagram will you typically find these (top, middle, bottom)?
Red - bottom
What are the two daily tides and the two monthly tides?
Daily = high & low
Monthly = neap & spring
Gravitational force is dependent on two factors. These are ___ and ___.
Mass and distance
Does every part of the Sun rotate at the same speed? (yes or no)
No!
Different parts of the Sun rotate at different speeds, unlike Earth, which rotates more uniformly.
___ are huge collections of billions of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity
Galaxies
A cloud of gas and dust, within galaxies, where stars are formed is called a ___
Nebulae
Because of the tilt, Earth's Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the sun. In this region, it is going to be what season?
Winter
Gravity is ____ when the planet is closer to the star and ____ when it's farther away.
stronger - weaker
Lunar eclipses happen during which moon phase?
Full moon
Put these in order from smallest to largest:
Solar system, galaxies, stars, universe, planets
planets, stars, solar systems, galaxies, the universe
In main sequence stars, as temperature ____, absolute brightness _____.
increases - increases
In order for there to be a ___ tide, the Sun, Moon, and Earth have to be in a _________.
Spring - straight line
Neap - right angle
Nebulae are clouds of gas and dust that collapse to from stars due to ____.
Gravity
Gravity causes the material to condense and heat up, eventually leading to nuclear fusion.
In what order does Earth, the Moon, and the Sun have to be in order for there to be a New Moon?
The Moon between Earth and the Sun
Remember: the side of the Moon facing Earth is not illuminated
What is the difference between a geocentric model and a heliocentric model of our Solar System?
Geocentric = the Earth is in the center & everything revolves around it.
Heliocentric = the Sun is in the center & everything revolves around it
Absolute brightness is calculated by measuring what two factors?
Apparent magnitude and distance from Earth
Remember that apparent magnitude is how bright the star appears from Earth.
How does the distance a planet is from the Sun affect how long their years will be?
The length of a planet's year is determined by its distance from the Sun!!
Planets farther from the Sun have longer orbital paths and take longer to complete a revolution.
If a 3 kg water bottle were placed on the surface of Earth, Jupiter, Mars, the Moon, and the Sun - in which of the objects would the water bottle weight be least to greatest?
Moon, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Sun
Objects with greater mass exert a stronger gravitational pull, resulting in a higher weight for the 3 kg water bottle.
____ involves the circulation of fluids (in this case, gases) due to temperature differences.
Convection
Cooler gases are denser and sink, while hotter gases rise.