Energy
This is the scientific term for the ability to do work or cause change.
What is energy?
These characteristics, such as color, density, and melting point, can be observed without changing the substance's identity.
What are physical properties?
This law states that in a closed system, the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
In this type of wave, the particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular (at right angles) to the direction the wave travels.
What is a transverse wave?
This is the spinning of a planet on its axis, which causes day and night on Earth.
What is rotation?
This is the energy an object has due to its motion; the faster it moves, the more it has.
What is kinetic energy?
This measurement is defined as the amount of mass in a given volume; it determines if an object sinks or floats.
What is density?
These are the electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom; they determine how an atom will bond.
What are valence electrons?
This type of wave moves parallel to the direction of energy transfer, creating a series of compressions and rarefactions.
What is a longitudinal wave?
This term describes one complete orbit of a planet around the Sun; for Earth, it takes about 365 days.
What is revolution?
Often called "stored energy," this is the energy an object has because of its position or shape.
What is potential energy?
To observe these properties, such as flammability or reactivity with acid, the substance must undergo a chemical change.
What are chemical properties?
If 10 grams of wood are burned and 4 grams of ash remain, the other 6 grams were likely released in this physical form.
What is gas (or smoke)?
Sound is a classic example of this wave type, requiring a medium like air or water to travel.
What is a longitudinal wave?
This process of cell division results in two genetically identical "daughter" cells, used for growth and repair.
What is mitosis?
This broad phrase describes the different ways energy can exist, such as thermal, chemical, or radiant.
What are forms of energy?
As you move from left to right across the Periodic Table, this value—representing the number of protons—always increases.
What is the atomic number?
This is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge.
What is an ion?
Eyeglasses and camera lenses use this wave behavior to focus light and improve vision.
What is refraction?
This specialized type of cell division reduces the chromosome number by half to create gametes (sperm and egg cells).
What is meiosis?
This fundamental law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
While mass and volume are physical properties, they are considered "extensive" because they change based on this.
What is the amount of matter?
These atoms of the same element have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
This phenomenon, which creates rainbows, is actually a specific type of refraction where white light is separated into colors.
What is dispersion?
If a skin cell divides to replace a damaged area, it is performing this specific biological process.
What is mitosis?