Row 1
X-rays originate from
The atoms electron cloud
What is Ohm's law formula
I=V/R
It is possible for an x-ray tube to self rectify. The resultant waveform rectification would be
Half wave rectification
A hot filament gives of electrons by a process called
Thermionic emission
Filament life in the x-ray tube is shortened by
Long application of the x-ray prep button
What determines the wavelength of an x-ray
Kilovoltage
What is the energy called that attracts the electrons to the nucleus of an atom
Binding energy
The quality of an x-ray beam refers to what
Energy of x-rays
How many angstroms are in a meter
10,000,000,000
An x-ray beam is electromagnetic radiation that is related to: White light, ultraviolet light, or infrared light
All the above
One advantage of _____ current is the ability to easily transform voltage up or down
Alternating Current
The x-ray tube can self rectify the supplied AC voltage. Diodes are added to the circuit to
Diminish the possibility of reverse flow of current in the x-ray tube
If no kilovoltage is applied to the x-ray tube, the emitted electrons remain near the filament as an electron cloud
Space charge
The purpose of a rotating anode is to
Spread the heat produced during an exposure over a larger area of the anode
When were x-rays discovered
November 8, 1895
What is meant by ionizing radiation
Any radiation capable of removing an orbital electron
What is the defintion of energy
The ability to do work
What type of radiation is produced when a high speed electron is slowed down or suddenly stopped
Bremsstrahlung
The unit of measurement for frequency is
Hertz
Which of the following is a temporary magnet: The earth, loadstone, Alnico, Electromagnet
Electromagnet
With three phase equipment, the voltage across the x-ray tube is
Is nearly constant potential
In a stationary anode, a small tungsten button is embedded in a block of copper. The copper is used to
Tungsten is used as a target of a x-ray tube because
It has a high melting point
X-rays are very much the same as which of the following
Gamma rays
The mass number of an atom is equal to what
The number of protons plus neutrons
If a neutral atom has an atomic number of 10, then how many electrons will it have
10
As the wavelength of an x-ray increases, what happens to its frequency
Decreases
The speed of electromagnetic radiation is
3x10^8 meters per second
The faster a conductor cuts or passes through magnetic lines of force
The higher the induced voltage
The cathode and anode of an x-ray tube are enclosed by a Pyrex glass envelope and contains as perfect a vacuum as possible to:
Provide an unobstructed path for the electron stream
A rotating anode spins at
3600rpm
Heat produced by a single large power load on a cold anode can cause
Uneven expansion that may crack the anode
What are charged atoms called
Ions
Ionization can result from what interaction of radiation with tissue
Photoelectric absorption
If an atom obtains an additional electron, what kind of charge will that ion have
Negative
The ability of a moving body to do work is called what
Kinetic energy
The SI unit for electrostatic charge is
Coulomb
Closed core transformers use laminated layers of metal plates to
Reduce eddy currents
Filament current in a x-ray tube usually operates at ____ volts and three to five amps
10
X-ray tube puncture by electric sparkler is caused by
Coating of the glass wall of the tube by vaporized filament tungsten
After prolonged use, the anode disk becomes pitted. The use of _____ instead of pure tungsten as the anode material aids in minimizing the problem
Rhenium-tungsten-molybdenum
The branch of physics pertaining to the origin and nature of x-rays is defined by what
Radiologic physics
How many pounds are in a kilogram
2.2
What describes an x-ray photon
High speed bundle of energy
What electromagnetic wave has the shortest wavelength
X-ray
The negative terminal of the x-ray tube consists of: Filament, supporting waves, or focusing cup
All the above
Electron kinetic energy in a x-ray tube is increased by raising
KV
When a high speed electron collides with the targets inner shell electron and displaces it, and an electron jumps from an outer shell to replace it, an x-ray is produced. This type of radiation is called
Characteristic radiation
Name 4 properties of x-rays
Highly penetrating, electrically neutral, polyenergetic, liberate minute amounts of heat on passing through matter, travel in straight lines, travel at the speed of light, ionize because of their ability to remove orbital electrons, cause fluorescense in certain crystals, can not be focused by a lens, affect photographic film, produce chemical and biological changes by ionization an excitation, produce secondary and scattered radiation
When interacting with the targets positive nuclear field, a high speed electron slows down, and an x-ray is produced. This type of radiation is called
Brems radiation
What is the process called that changes a neutral stop into an electrically charged atom
What reaction does not result in a scatter photon
Photoelectric absorption
Radiation that changes direction as it passes through a material is called what
Scatter
A neutral atom has
The same number of protons as electrons
What does the P in kVp stand for?
Peak
The atomic number of an atom is equal to what?
Number of protons
The probability of photoelectric absorption occurring increases with which if the following:
1. Atomic number of materials
2. Object to image receptor distance
3. kVp
1 only
In the normal diagnostic range, what is the wavelength range of the x-rays
0.1 to 0.5 angstroms
What is the unit of mass in the metric MKS system
Kilogram
What is the formula for Newton's second law of motion
F=ma
A body at rest or in uniform motion remains in the same state unless a force is applied describes what
Newton's first law of motion
What are the particles called that continuously circle the nucleus of an atom
Electrons
What describes an electron
Mass and negative charge
What is the push or pull of an object called
What particle in the nucleus of an atom has no charge
Neutron
The reduction of the intensity of radiation as it passes through a material is known as
Attenuation
What are the fundamental metric units of physics
Meters, kilograms, and seconds
How many centimeters are in an inch
2.54
How many electrons may occupy the M-shell of an atom
18
What is the unit of length in the metric MKS system
Meter
What reaction cannot be produced at tube potentials less than 70keV
Characteristic
The maximum x-ray energy will be equal to what
kVp
What refers to the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom
Valence number
How does the energy of scatter radiation compare to that of the primary beam
Less energy
What is the unit of force
Newton
What is the definition of power
The rate at which work is done
What is the branch of science that deals with matter, energy, and their relationship to each other
Physics
What would be an example of stored potential energy
A stretched rubber band
What is the distance between two wave crests of an electromagnetic wave called
Wavelength
What is the speed of x-rays
186,000 miles/second
X-rays are classified as what typeof radiation
Electromagnetic