Terms to Know
What is the SI unit of pressure?
Pascal
6.6 m
What is the study of how Newtonian principles apply to fluids?
Fluid Mechanics
A hydraulic jack has an input piston of 5 m2 and and output piston on 25 m2. If 42 N of force is applied to the input piston, what force does the output piston apply? What is the pressure?
P = 8.4 Pa
F = 210 N
What is viscosity?
The cohesive forces between particles in a fluid.
Ethyl alcohol is running through a level pipe. At the beginning, the fluid has a speed of 34 m/s and a pressure of 50 Pa. Eventually, the pipe widens and the pressure increases to 15000 Pa. What is the speed of the ethyl alcohol at this point?
33.4 m/s
Hydrostatics - the study of stationary fluids where all forces are in equilibrium
Hydrodynamics - the study of fluids in motion
A 542 m2 block of lead is put into pure water. What mass must it have to be immersed in the middle of the water?
5.42 * 105 kg
Define Pascal's, Archimedes', and Bernoulli's principles
Pascal’s principle - an external pressure applied to a completely enclosed incompressible fluid is distributed in all directions throughout the fluid
Archimedes’s principle - any object that is submerged or floats in a fluid is acted on by an upward buoyant force equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid it displaces
Bernoulli’s Principle - the pressure in a fluid will decreases as either its velocity or height increases
A pipe contains pure water. It is sitting on a stand that is 49 m above the ground. It has a pressure of 3500 Pa and has a velocity of 23.2 m/s. The pipe reaches to a height of 24 m above the ground. The pressure increases to 4392 Pa. Assuming the pipe is the same diameter throughout, what is velocity of the water at this new height?
32.05 m/s