Scientists
This man experimented with sound waves and derived an expression for the apparent change in wavelength of a wave due to relative motion between the source and observer.
Who is Christian Doppler?
This number is equal to the total amount of magnetic flux through a closed surface. There are this many known Majorana fermions, and this number is the spin of the Higgs boson.
What is zero?
Based on the respective refractive indices of the two mediums, Snell's law gives the precise angle to facilitate near-infinite propagation in this phenomenon frequently employed by fiber optics.
What is total internal reflection?
It can be accounted for mathematically using the Lorentz transformation and can lead to a paradox involving aging and space travel, the Twin Paradox. This theory reconciled Newton's Laws and Maxwell's equations by stating that there is no absolute frame of reference and that the speed of light is constant.
What is special relativity?
The double kind of these exhibits chaotic motion, and one of these used to demonstrate the rotation of the Earth was named for Foucault.
What is a pendulum?
This scientist names an equation which sets the cross product of the electric field equal to the negative of the time derivative of the magnetic field. His discovery that charge resides on the outside of a conductor led him to develop a wire mesh for screening static electric fields known as his namesake "cage."
Who is Michael Faraday?
This number provides the conversion between the Boltzmann constant and the ideal gas constant. This number of particles of gas at standard temperature and pressure occupies twenty-two point four liters, and it is the conversion factor between grams and atomic mass units.
What is Avogadro's number?
Quasars have notably high values of it and it can be caused by the Doppler effect. This increase in the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation was measured in the Pound-Rebka experiment to demonstrate predictions made by general relativity.
What is redshift?
This phenomenon is exhibited by the rotation of a water wheel with leaky buckets. Early attempts to predict weather patterns led to a series of nonlinear differential equations whose solutions showed this property. This phenomenon is characterized by extreme sensitivity to initial conditions.
What is chaos theory?
The antennae of moths assist them in flying by accounting for this effect. When considered on the Earth, the Beta effect leads to its variation with latitude. This effect, caused by a pseudoforce, leads to deflection of moving objects in rotating reference frames, and drives oceanic and atmospheric currents.
What is the Coriolis effect?
This physicist included a space axis and a time axis and often showed two arrows meeting a squiggly line in his namesake diagrams.
Who is Richard Feynman?
The first energy level of a particle-in-a-box is this quantity squared over eight m L-squared. The Compton wavelength is defined as this quantity over mass times the speed of light. This quantity was plugged into the numerator of an exponential to prevent the Rayleigh–Jeans law from diverging at high frequencies.
What is Planck's constant?
Applying this concept to the search for dark matter candidates has confirmed the existence of MACHOs in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and when the lens and observer are in perfect alignment with the source of radiation, an Einstein ring is said to form. This astronomical phenomenon sees light bend around an object due to its mass, frequently resulting in a double image.
What is gravitational lensing?
These extensions of the Standard Model seek to incorporate electroweak and strong interactions into a single electronuclear force. Many such theories predict proton decay.
What are Grand Unified Theories?
The occurrence of this phenomenon with respect to the earth results in the Milankovitch cycles. It is the term given to the tumbling of an object about an unstable Euler axis.
What is precession?
This German physicist is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics, who introduced the concept of entropy in 1865. He developed the second law of thermodynamics, a statement that the entropy of the Universe always increases.
Who is Rudolf Clausius?
In the Standard Model of particle physics, there are this many quarks and this many leptons. The thermally averaged potential energy of two gas-phase dipoles falls off as one over distance to this power.
What is six?
The change in wavelength that occurs in this process depends as the cosine of the angular change of the affected photon's direction. In this process, a photon collides with an electron, resulting in a decrease in its energy.
What is Compton scattering?
This theory, derived by analogy to quantum electrodynamics, describes strong force interactions between quarks in terms of a "strong charge," or color.
What is quantum chromodynamics?
They are fixed points of the circular restricted three-body problem. The first three are unstable to radial perturbations but the final two are in islands of stability. The SoHO spacecraft orbits one in the Earth-Sun system, and two in the Earth-Moon system are likely sites for space colonies.
What are Lagrangian points?
This British man deduced his namesake law giving the angle of incidence that produces reflected light which is completely polarized, invented the kaleidoscope and the stereoscope, and improved the spectroscope.
Who is David Brewster?
This dimensionless constant is the "coupling constant" or measure of the strength of the electromagnetic force that governs how electrically charged elementary particles and light interact. It received its name from the splitting of spectral lines of the hydrogen atom when it emits light.
What is the fine structure constant?
From the German for "braking radiation," this is the radiation that results from the fast deceleration of a charged particle over a short distance. During this process, a photon is typically emitted.
What is bremsstrahlung?
In these theories, the equations for force and for matter are identical as a result of a symmetry between bosons, particles that have integer spins, and fermions, which have half-integer spins. A common abbreviation for this theory is a homonym for a meme derived from Among Us.
What is supersymmetry (SUSY)?
Non-thermal radiation emissions from Jupiter are caused by electrons trapped in regions analogous to these. These tori of highly energized particles or plasma surround the earth and are named after an American astronomer.
What are Van Allen belts?