Energy & Work
A transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the same direction as the force was applied
What is work?
a push or pull on an object that changes its motion
What is force?
the force a solid or fluid exerts over every square meter of its contact with an object
What is pressure?
educated guess with reasoning that predicts what the outcome of an experiment/answer to a question will be
What is a hypothesis?
Formula for distance
What is distance = velocity*time
The rate at which work is done or energy is used over time
What is power?
The product of an object’s mass and velocity
What is momentum?
the upward force a fluid exerts on an object submerged in it
What is buoyant force?
acts as a baseline to compare the experimental groups
What is a control group?
The formula for change in velocity
What is the change in velocity = acceleration*time ?
Straight surface to move objects up and down; Two inclined planes back to back, using the sharp end to bite into an object and the inclines to do the work of cutting into it
What is a ramp? What is a wedge?
Liquid or gaseous medium resists the movement of an object
What is air resistance/drag?
A device that measures the change in atmospheric pressure compared to an internal reference pressure
What is a barometer?
The variable being changed
What is the independent variable?
Equation for momentum
What is momentum = mass * velocity ?
Total kinetic + potential energy for a macroscopic object
What is mechanical energy?
Motion in which an object travels through the air so that only gravity affects its motion.
In an enclosed fluid, a change in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid;
What is Pascal's principle?
a quantity that can be described by just a magnitude
What is a scalar?
Equation for mechanical advantage
What is force output over force input?
This machine and various combos can change the magnitude as well as the direction of force
What is a movable pulley?
For any force one body exerts on another body, the second body exerts an equal and opposite force back on the first body
What is Newton's third law?
when an object displaces part of a fluid, the fluid exerts a buoyant force that equals the weight of the displaced fluid
What is Archimedes' Principle?
All the parts of the scientific method
What are the observations, questions, hypotheses, testing, analysis, conclusions, communication?
Equation for mechanical efficiency
What is work output over work input times 100%?