Alphabet Soup
eV
What is electron volt?
These are a visual tool used to represent an abstract entity that describes the influence of magnetic forces in a region.
What are magnetic field lines?
This law states that whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
What is Newton's third law of motion?
Robert Hooke is responsible for the equation that states that the force ( F ) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance ( x ) scales linearly with respect to that distance.
What is Hooke's Law?
This linear partial differential equation, that governs the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system, won the Nobel in 1933.
What is the Schrödinger Equation?
This is a thought experiment in special relativity involves two individuals, their watches, inertial frames, and time dilation.
What is the Twin Paradox?
Phi_B
What is Magnetic Flux?
These are the fundamental forces that are responsible for shaping the universe.
What are the weak, strong, gravitational, and electromagnetic force?
This law states that the direction of the induced current will oppose the change in flux that created it.
What is Lenz's law?
Named after Wolfgang Pauli, this states that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins (i.e. fermions) cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
Winning in 1921, Albert Einstein discovered this effect which shows how electrons are emitted when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material.
What is the photoelectric effect?
This does not appear to interact with the electromagnetic field, which means it does not absorb, reflect, or emit electromagnetic radiation and is, therefore, difficult to detect.
What is dark matter?
delta_(ij)
What is the Kronecker delta symbol?
This change is an increase in the wavelength, and corresponding decrease in the frequency and photon energy, of electromagnetic radiation (such as light).
What is red shift?
This law states that heat always moves from hotter objects to colder objects.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Pierre de Fermat proposed this which states that the path taken by a ray between two given points is the path that can be traveled in the least time.
What is Fermat's principle?
Awarded in 2013, this elementary particle, which has zero spin, no charge, and is incredibly unstable, is known to be where all other particles get their mass.
What is the Higgs boson?
This has been described as "Spooky action at a distance".
What is Quantum entanglement?
NA
What is Avogadro's number?
This determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material.
What is refractive index?
This law states that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
What is Newton's law of universal gravitation?
Thomas Young described this property that measures the tensile stiffness of a solid material.
What is Young's Modulus?
Analogous to the Stark effect, this is the effect of splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field, winning in 1902.
What is the Zeeman effect?
This principle states that we cannot know both the position and speed of a particle, such as a photon or electron, with perfect accuracy.
What is Heisenberg's uncertainty principle?
3H
What is Tritium (Hydrogen-3)?
While Newtonian Mechanics focuses primarily on the forces in a system, this focuses on the energy of a system.
What is Hamiltonian mechanics?
This law that states, "anything that can go wrong, will go wrong", is echoed in the definition of entropy.
What is Murphy's law?
The rate at which the universe is expanding is known as the Hubble Constant. Named for Edwin Hubble, this discrepancy is due to the measured expansion rate not equating to the predictions provided by the constant.
What is the Hubble tension?
Awarded to father and son in 1915 for this law which states, that when the X-ray is incident onto a crystal surface, its angle of incidence, theta, will reflect back with a same angle of scattering, theta.
What is Bragg's Law?
This theory is used to estimate the energies and wave functions for a quantum system described by a potential which is only slightly different than a potential with a known solution.
What is Perturbation theory?