Energy
What are the two types of energy?
Potential energy and kinetic energy
What is the formula for newton’s second law
F = m a
What the force of gravity on earth?
-9.81 m/s
What is hooke’s law and the formula for spring potential energy
Force of spring equals -kx
PE spring equals 1/2kx^2
What is the momentum and impulse formula
P = m v
I = ft = ∆P
Work = Force * displacement
Define net force, mass, and inertia
Net force: vector sum of all external forces exerted on the object
Mass: measure of the object’s resistance to changes in its motion due to a force
Inertia: tendency of an object to continue in its original state of motion
What is the corresponding concepts of displacement, velocity, acceleration in rotational motion and what does their symbols look like
Angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration
∆θ(change in radians) ω(omega) α(alpha)
What is restoring force
Always pushes or pulls the object toward the equilibrium position
When is conservation of momentum true
It is true of isolated systems containing any number of interactions objects when no net external force axes on a system, the total momentum of the system remains constant in time
What kind of force is friction
Contact force
Define normal force
What are the kinematic equations for rotational motion
∆θ(change in radians) ω(omega) α(alpha)
ω = ωi + αt
∆θ = ωit + 1/2αt^2
ω^2 = ωi^2 + 2α∆θ
When does simple harmonic motion occur?
When the net force along the direction of motion obeys Hooke’s law— when they net force is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium point and is always directed toward the equilibrium point
Define in elastic collision and inelastic collision and give example of scenarios of perfectly elastic and inelastic collisions in life
Elastic collisions is defined as one I in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. Etc. ball bouncing off the wall without friction and other external net force.
Inelastic collisions is define as one which momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not. Etc. two putty collide and stick together after the collision.
What is the work-energy theorem
Total work done is equal to change in kinetic energy + change in potential energy
What are Newton’s first, second, and third laws of Motion
First law: an object moves with a velocity that is constant in magnitude and direction uncles a nonzero net force acts on it
Second law: the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net divorce acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass
Third law: if object 1 and object 2 interact, the force exerted by object 1 on object 2 is qual in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force exerted by object 2 on object 1
What are the equations for tangential position, velocity and acceleration
∆θ(change in radians) ω(omega) α(alpha)
θr = s (position in the ration)
∆θr = ∆s (arc length)
ωr = v
αr = a
Define amplitude, period, and frquency
Amplitude A is the maximum distance of the object from its quilibrium position
Period T is the time it takes the object to move through one complete cycle of motion from x = A to x = -A and back to x = A
Frequency f is the number of complete cycles or vibrations per unit of time, and is the reciprocal of the period (f = 1/T)
What is the velocity of perfectly inelastic and elastic collisions?
Velocity after perfectly elastic collisions are expressed in this equation:
V1initial - v2initial = - (v1final - v2finial)
Exchanging magnitude and direction from each other after the collision.what are examples of nonconservative energies
Heat, sound: kinetic friction, air drag, propulsive forces
Fundamental forces in nature- 4 field forces
1. Strong nuclear forces between subatomic particles
2. Electromagnetic forces between electric charges
3. Weak nuclear forces which Aries in certain radioactive decay processes
4. Gravitational forces between objects
What is the formula for centripetal acceleration and centripetal force in kinematic and in rotational motion
Ac = v^2/r
V = rω
Ac = r^2ω^2/r = rω^2
Fc = mAc = mv^2/r
Fc = MAc = mrω^2
What are the formulas for angular frequency of pendulum and spring oscillations
T-pendulum = 2π√(L/g)
T- spring = 2π√(m/k)
What is glancing collision?
Two dimensional collision in which mass 1 collides with an object of mass 2 initially at test with an angle θ respect tot he horizontal and the object 2 moves at an angle ø with respect to the horizontal with x and y components.