Radiation Basics
Anything that has mass and occupies space
What is matter?
Stored energy that an object possesses because of its position (like a ball at the top of a hill)
What is potential energy
Removal of an electron from an atom
What is ionization?
Process of electron charges being added to or subtracted from an object
What is electrification?
Pathway (commonly copper wire) that permits electrons to move in a complete circle from their source, through resisting electrical devices and back to the source
What is an electrical circuit?
The ability to do work
What is energy?
Energy of motion
What is kinetic energy?
Atoms with 8 electrons in their outer shell are considered inert and chemically stable
What is the Octet Rule?
Force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
What is the Inverse Square Law?
Converts chemical energy to electrical energy
What is a battery?
An atom that has gained or lost a neutron, making the number of neutrons different from the number of protons
What is an isotope?
Stored in the nucleus of an atom and holds nuclear particles in a tight bond
What is nuclear energy?
The atomic# or Z#
What is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?
Materials that facilitate the flow of electricity. Example: copper and aluminum
What are conductors?
A space from which air has been removed
What is a vacuum?
The amount of energy needed to remove the electron from the atom
What is electron binding energy?
Number of waves that pass a particular point in a given timeframe, or the number of cycles per second
What is frequency?
Equals the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What is the atomic mass number?
Has the ability to either conduct electricity or insulate it under certain conditions. Examples would be silicon and germanium
What are semiconductors?
Converts nuclear energy to electrical energy
What is an atomic reactor?
Electrons in the outer-most shell that determine the capability of combining with other compounds
What are valence electrons?
Intensity of the wave as defined by its maximum height
What is amplitude?
Relationship between matter and energy
What is Einstein's Theory of Relativity?
I will accept E=mc2
Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
What is a generator?
V=IR; where V=potential difference in Volts, I=current in Amperes, and R=resistance
What is Ohm's Law?