Motion Basics
What is the difference between scales and vectors?
Scalars have magnitude only; vectors have magnitude and direction.
What formula do we use to calculate speed?
s-d/t
What is Newton's First law of motion?
Objects resist changes in motion
what is the equation to solve for force?
F=m*a
what is a balanced force ?
Balanced = equal forces + no change in motion
How is velocity different from speed?
Velocity includes direction; speed does not.
What does a curved line on a distance-time graph show?
True or False: Normal force pushes down on a surface.
False
Solve and explain: A 5-kg object accelerates at 4 m/s². What force acts on it?
5 kg × 4 m/s² = 20 N.
Explai what happens if the forces are unbalanced.
Unbalanced → acceleration (speeding up/slowing/turning).
What is displacement?
Displacement = straight-line change from start to end.
What does a negative slope mean on a velocity-time graph?
negative acceleration or slowing down
Name the 4 types of forces
Normal, friction, gravity, applied
write the formula to solve for acceleration in words.
Acceleration= force/mass
how does the shape of an object affect air resistance?
Smoother, narrow shapes have less drag.
Explain why displacement can be zero even if distance is large.
Walking around a block: big distance, small displacement because you return to starting point
Calculate the speed: a dog runs 70 meters in 5 seconds.
14 m/s
Give an example of a non contact force.
Gravity
How do you decide which forces to include?
Include forces actually acting physically on the object.
what is air resistance?
Air resistance is the drag force caused by moving through air.
Provide three examples of scalar quantities and explain why each is a scalar.
Scalar examples: speed, time, mass — none require direction.
Explain how you calculate speed from a distance-time graph.
Constant velocity = horizontal line above zero.
Define Newton's third law and give an example.
Equal and opposite forces act in pairs, jumping off the group
Explain how an FBD helps you determine the net force.
FBD helps identify net force and predict how the object moves.
Why do crash zones in cars fold on purpose?
Crash zones fold to increase stopping time during a collision.