Forces & Motion
What is the law that states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force?
Newton's First Law of Motion
What type of energy is stored in an object due to its position or configuration, often referred to as gravitational potential energy?
potential energy
What is the term for a disturbance that travels through a medium, transferring energy from one location to another?
a wave
What is the term for the shortest distance from the initial position to the final position of an object, along with the direction?
displacement
What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?
PE = mgh, where PE is potential energy, m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height
If a 5 kg object is subjected to a force of 20N, what is its acceleration?
4 m/s2
Which type of energy is associated with the motion of an object and can be calculated using the formula KE = 1/2 mv²?
kinetic energy
What is the name of the phenomenon where sound waves bend around obstacles or spread out after passing through a narrow opening?
diffraction
If an object moves 5 meters to the east and then 3 meters to the west, what is its total displacement?
2 meters to the east
What happens to an object's gravitational potential energy as it is lifted higher above the ground
it increases
In a frictionless environment, if two objects collide and stick together, what principle describes the conservation of momentum in this scenario?
The Law of Conservation of Momentum
What is the energy called that is stored in the bonds of chemical compounds and released during a chemical reaction?
chemical energy
What is the frequency range of human hearing, typically measured in hertz (Hz)?
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
In physics, how is displacement different from distance?
displacement is a vector quantity with direction, while distance is a scalar quantity without direction
If an object has a mass of 10 kg and is raised to a height of 5 meters, what is its gravitational potential energy? (Use g = 9.8 m/s²)
490 joules
in a system where two objects interact, if object A exerts a force of 10 N on object B, what is the force exerted by object B on object A according to Newton's Third Law of Motion?
What is the term for the energy associated with the temperature of an object, which arises from the kinetic energy of its particles?
thermal energy
What is the term for the maximum displacement of points on a wave from its rest position, which is related to the wave's energy?
amplitude
If a person walks in a circular path and returns to the starting point, what is their displacement?
Zero
How does gravitational potential energy relate to kinetic energy when an object falls freely from a height?
gravitational potential energy converts to kinetic energy as the object falls
In a system where two masses are connected by a pulley, if mass A is 10kg and mass B is 5kg, what is the acceleration of the system when released, assuming no friction?
3.27 m/s2
What type of energy is produced by the movement of charged particles, typically electrons, and is used to power electrical devices?
electrical energy
In a standing wave, what are the points called where the amplitude is always zero?
nodes
In a two-dimensional motion scenario, how can you calculate the resultant displacement using the components in the x and y directions?
by using the Pythagorean theorem
In a conservative force field, what is the relationship between gravitational potential energy and the work done by gravity?
the work done by gravity is equal to the negative change in gravitational potential energy