Chapter 22
Electric charge is neither created nor destroyed. The total charge before an interaction equals the total charge after.
Conservation of charge
An electric circuit in which electrical devices are connected along a single loop of wire such that the same current is in each device.
Series Circuit
The region of magnetic influence around a magnetic pole or a moving charged particle.
Magnetic Field
The total of all molecular energies , Kinetic plus potential, that are internal to a substance.
Internal Energy
Every object continues in a state of rest or of uniform speed in a straight line unless acted on by a nonzero net force.
What is the Law of Inertia
The SI unit of electric charge.
Coulomb
The rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work; the amount of energy per unit time, which can be computed as the product of current and voltage.
Electric Power
A magnet whose field is produced by an electric current.
Electromagnet
The total of all molecular energies, kinetic plus potential, that are internal to a substance.
Internal Energy
Both force and time interval are important in changing momentum. The quantity force X time interval or the change in momentum
Impulse
An electrical device—in its simplest form, a pair of parallel conducting plates separated by a small distance—that stores electric charge and energy.
Capacitor
The difference in electric potential between two points, measured in volts
Potential Difference
Clustered regions of aligned magnetic atoms. When these regions themselves are aligned with one another, the substance containing them is a magnet.
Magnetic domains
The rate of loss of heat from a warm object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings. (Similarly for the gain of heat by a cool object.)
Newton’s law of cooling
A quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Eg Force, acceleration
What is a vector quantity
The redistribution of electric charges in and on objects caused by the electrical influence of a charged object close by but not in contact.
Charging by Induction
The statement that the current in a circuit varies in direct proportion to the potential difference or voltage across the circuit and inversely with the circuit’s resistance
Ohm's Law
In what direction relative to a magnetic field does a charged particle move in order to experience maximum deflecting force?
Force is maximum when motion is perpendicular to the field; minimum when parallel to the field.
The amount of energy required to change a unit mass of a substance from liquid to gas and released in the reverse process.
Latent heat of vaporization
A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid.
What is Pascal's Principle
The term applied to an atom or molecule in which the charges are aligned so that one side has a slight excess of positive charge and the other side a slight excess of negative charge. Electric field
Electrically polarized
Electrically charged particles that repeatedly reverse direction, vibrating about relatively fixed positions. In the United States, the vibrational rate is commonly 60 Hz. Electric power The rate
Alternating Current
Why is the magnetic field strength greater inside a current carrying loop of wire than about a straight section of wire?
Inside the loop the lines are more concentrated.
The amount of energy required to change a unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid (and released in the reversed process).
Latent heat of fusion
An electrified gas that contains ions and free electrons.
What is Plasma