Unit 1*
These allow for the facilitated diffusion of organic compounds.
What are Carrier Proteins?
This is the primary neurotransmitter used by both SANS & PANS preganglionic fibers.
What is Acetylcholine?
These are the equivalent of Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentials (EPSPs) in receptor cells.
What are generator potentials or receptor potentials?
This is defined as the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid.
What is Edema?
These are the cells of the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl).
What are parietal cells?
This is the term for programmed cell death.
What is Apoptosis?
Other than polypeptides, this is the molecule group that acts as both hormones and neurotransmitters.
What are the Amines?
As a group, these act as transcription factors with Nuclear Hormone Receptors (NHRs) and require a carrier while traveling through the blood.
What are lipid-based hormones or hydrophobic hormones or steroids?
This is the ion used to acidify urine by moving it into the tubule.
What is H+?
These are the cells responsible for myelination in the Central Nervous System.
What are oligodendrocytes?
This is the term describing the phenomenon of multiple codons coding for the same amino acid.
What is codon redundancy?
This is the term that describes waves of neurotransmitters being released to help achieve threshold in downstream neurons.
What is temporal summation?
This is defined as the sum of both reserve volumes and the tidal volume.
What is vital capacity?
This is the most common sub-element of the most element of male blood.
What is water?
These are the three structures responsible for glomerular filtration.
What are Pores/Fenestrae, Basement Membrane, and Podocytes?
This is the functional group with the molecular structure: …O—C—OH
What is the carboxyl group?
These are the substances that will increase in concentration during muscle fatigue.
What are K+, PO43-, and ADP?
This is the second step of deglutition (swallowing) involving the soft palate, vocal chords and epiglottis.
What is the pharyngeal step or phase?
According to Kowalski’s lecture, this is the leading cause of death in the world.
What is Ischemic Heart Disease/Myocardial Infarction? (heart attack/cardiac arrest)
These are the two variables that have an inverse relationship with blood flow.
What are fluid viscosity and vessel length?
This compound is involved in cellular respiration, but it is also a common substrate for energy & synthetic pathways.
What is Acetyl CoA?
This is the portion of an action potential where there is a continued outward diffusion of potassium ions.
What is the relative refractory period?
This is what happens in the pancreatic islets after potassium (K+) channels close and the cells are depolarized.
What is the opening of voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels? [allowing calcium ions to diffuse in and bind to insulin vesicles]
These lead to spontaneous depolarizations in the neurons of the SA node caused by Na+ diffusion once the membranes are hyperpolarized.
What are HCNs (Hyperpolarization Cyclic Nucleotides)?
These are the sympathetic fibers that do not synapse in the sympathetic chain of ganglia.
What are the Splanchnic Nerves?