Membrane Potential
The equilibrium potential for Potassium and Sodium and the resting membrane potential
What is -94mV, +60mV and -70mV respectively?
What happens to the neurotransmitter after attaching to the receptor and causing cell response
What is enzyme degradation, diffusion, or reuptake
catecholamines
What is norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine
the type of muscle associated with somatic nervous system and type of response
what is skeletal muscle and voluntary response?
The reflex that occurs when hitting the patellar tendon
What is the muscle spindle stretch reflex?
Why the resting membrane potential is negative
What is the sodium potassium pump?
What MAOIs and SSRIs do
What is: Inhibit enzyme degradation = more serotonin binding to cell receptors = more cell response
The adrenergic receptor with the GREATEST affinity to norepinephrine
What is Alpha receptors
The reason for the folding of the motor bouton terminal
What is increased surface area?
What is the high energy form (myosin has high affinity for actin) and the low energy form (myosin has low affinity for actin)
Adding of different types of graded potentials to reach threshold and ultimately cause an action potential
What is spatial summation?
The location where synaptic communication takes place in the autonomic nervous system
What is the autonomic ganglion?
The only adrenergic receptor neurotransmitter combo that does not have an autonomic ganglion
What is epinephrine : beta two adrenergic receptors
The type of receptor and neurotransmitter combo at the somatic nervous system
What is nicotinic cholinergic receptors and Acetylcholine
The process of action potential propagation leading to calcium release
What is excitation-contraction coupling?
The phase where the sodium activation gate is closed and the sodium inactivation gate is open, and the potassium gate is open
What is repolarization?
The type of receptors for synaptic communication
What is nicotinic cholinergic receptors?
What is Acetylcholine?
The reason wy the action potential continues to propagate across the sarcolemma
The type of twitch where the tension is greater than the load
What is isotonic twitch?
This period spans the last part of repolarization and for repolarization and can generate a second action potential with stronger stimulus
What is the relative refractory period?
The steps for synaptic communication
What is:
1. action potential depolarizes
2. Calcium channels open and calcium assists with vesicle docking and secretion
3. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor
4. Excess is either degraded, diffused, or reuptake
The steps for the neuroeffector junction
What is:
1. Action potential arrives at varicosity
2. Calcium channels open and calcium helps with neurotransmitter release (Either ACH or NE or sometimes Epinephrine)
3. Neurotransmitter binds to appropriate receptor
4. Effector organ response and/or neurotransmitter degradation, diffusion, or reuptake
The steps of neuromuscular junction only
What is:
1. Action potential
2. Calcium releasing ACh
3. ACH binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors
4. Creating an End Plate Potential (propagating an action potential to the sarcolemma)
5. Enzyme degradation, diffusion, reuptake
The process of cross-bridge cycle and excitation-contraction coupling
What is:
1. Action potential leading to ACH release
2. ACH release leading to sodium channel opening causing depolarization across sarcolemma
3. Calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
4. Calcium binding to troponin moving tropomyosin and exposing myosin binding sites on actin
5. Myosin binding to actin and phosphate breaking off
6. Actin getting pulled into sarcomere middle for power stroke and ADP breaking off (muscle contraction)
7. Rigor
8. ATP breaking myosin off of actin and muscle relaation