Vision Problems
What is Emmetropia?
Normal Vision
Where is the location in the Eye where Light Energy is transformed into Electrical Impulses?
Retina
Where is our Blind Spot located in our Eye?
Optic Disc
Name the 3 Ossicles.
Malleus, Incus, and Stapes.
Where are the Hair Cells (Auditory Sensory Receptors) located in your Ears?
Cochlea
How is Myopia corrected?
Concave lenses that diverge the light rays before they enter the eye, so they converge farther back on Retina.
Circularly & radially arranged smooth muscle fibers that regulate amount of light entering Eye are the ___.
Iris
What is the function of Cones?
Allows us to see details of our world in color under bright light conditions.
Put these 5 middle ear parts in order from 1-5 based on when they vibrate in response to sound waves.
Incus
Oval Window
Malleus
Tympanum
Stapes
1. Tympanum
2. Malleus
3. Incus
4. Stapes
5. Oval Window
Identify the function of the Semicircular Canals.
Regulating balance and sensing head position.
How does Myopia occur?
When parallel light rays from distant objects are focused in front of the Retina.
What is the Fovea Centralis?
Part of the Retina containing only Cones. It is the point where our Visual Acuity is highest.
What are the 2 functions of Rods?
Rods:
1. Allow us to see in gray tones in dim light
2. Provide peripheral vision
State the 2 functions of Cerumen (Earwax).
Earwax provides a sticky trap for foreign bodies & repels insects.
Identify the function of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VN).
VN transmits electrical impulses from Cochlea to Auditory Cortex in Brain.
How does Hyperopia occur?
Occurs when parallel light rays from distant objects are focused behind the Retina.
State the 2 functions of the Ciliary Body.
1. Change the shape of Lens.
2. Produce Aqueous Humor (fluid).
Why doesn't the Optic Disc have Photoreceptors?
The Optic Nerve is here, connecting the Retina to the Optic Cortex in Brain.
What is the Tympanic Cavity?
Small, air-filled mucosa-lined cavity w/in Temporal Bone.
State the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of the Eustachian Tube (ET).
Anat: ET obliquely (diagonally) and slightly downward
Phys: Links the Middle Ear to the Throat
What causes Astigmatism?
Unequal curvature in different parts of the Cornea. Blurry images occur because points of light are not focused on the Retina.
What is the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of the Choroid?
Anat: Blood-rich nutritive tunic (layer) containing dark pigment
Phys: Prevents light scattering
Rods are located on the Retina _____ in the center and ____ in the periphery.
less; more
Stapes presses on Oval Window of the Inner Ear, setting the fluids in the Cochlea of inner ear into motion, eventually exciting hearing receptors (Hair Cells).
What is the function of the Round Window (RW)?
RW acts as a pressure release valve, allowing fluid within the Cochlea to move by vibrating in the opposite phase to the vibrations entering through the Oval Window.