HSC
The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle of the heart during a contraction. Measured in ml/beat.
Stroke Volume
During exercise, Oxygen Uptake...
Increases
TRUE OR FALSE
A trained athlete has a lower heart rate than a untrained athlete.
TRUE
What is Cardiac Output?
The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
List FOUR (4) physiological adaptations
Possible answers:
-Resting heart rate
-Oxygen uptake and lung capacity
-Haemoglobin level
-Stroke volume and cardiac output
-Effect on fast/slow twitch muscles and cardiac output
-Muscle hypertrophy
The most significant improvements in response to aerobic training are in ...?
Oxygen uptake
Fill in the Blanks.
Fibres used for strength, power, and movements of a)_________ intensity and b)__________ duration. They can be linked with the two c)____________ energy systems, which means the adaptations in these fibres help in the use of these systems.
a) high
b) short
c) anaerobic
a)How do you calculate the Cardiac Output of an athlete?
b) In an athlete, increased cardiac output is a direct result of ...?
a) Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
HR x SV
b) increased stroke volume, as an athlete’s maximal heart rate does not increase significantly.
Fill in the blanks:
a) Fast-twitch fibres contract __________
b) Slow-twitch fibres contract __________
a) quickly
b) slowly
What is the relationship between overload and muscle hypertrophy?
Muscle hypertrophy occurs when a training load is greater than normal and is progressively increased as fitness improves. Sporting example weight training. If a weight lifter wants to lift heavy, they must increase their muscle hypertrophy to improve their performance.
If aerobic training ceases for an extended period, what will happen to the physiological adaptations that took place?
Hint: Principle of Training
Reversibility
Fill out the blanks.
A large ____________ is the major difference between untrained people and endurance athletes.
Cardiac Output
In an endurance swimmers training program, what physiological adaptations are likely to occure to the swimmers:
a) Oxygen Uptake
b) Haemoglobin
c) Resting Heart Rate
d) Stroke Volume
a) Oxygen Uptake : Increases
b) Haemoglobin : Increases
c) Resting Heart Rate : Decreases
d) Stroke Volume : Increases
The below shows an athlete’s adaptations from training that occurred over 14 weeks.
Adaptation Result
% slow twitch muscle fibre : Increase
Aerobic capacity : Increase
Number of Capillaries : Increase
Anaerobic capacity : No change
Which method of training is most likely to have been undertaken?
a) Circuit Training
b) Fartlek Training
c) Resistance Training
d) Continuous training
d) Continuous training
An athlete is training for a marathon and begins by running 10Km in an hour with a heart rate around 75% maximum.
Describe the relationship between progressive overload and physiological adaptations for this athlete?
When the athlete starts running 10Km in an hour with a heart rate around 75% maximum, their body begins to adapt increasing their stroke volume, cardiac output and haemoglobin levels.
Once the training has been adapted to, it will no longer cause further physiological adaptations.
Therefore adjustments in training intensity are needed in order to produce further adaptations.
To increase intensity the principle of PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD is used. Progressive overload further increases in adaptations and allowing the athlete to reach higher levels of performance.