Hearing and Language
What are the two physical properties of sound?
a) Frequency and Pitch
b) Pitch and Intensity
c) Frequency and Intensity
What is...
c) Frequency and Intensity
What is accommodation?
What is the process in which ciliary muscles attached to the lens of the eye contract to make lens rounder, allowing the eye to focus on a near object.
What is your vestibular sense responsible for?
What is informs brain about head position and movement.
What is retrograde amnesia?
What is the inability to remember events prior to impairment.
True or False: Science is unsure what the function of sleep is.
What is true.
What causes interaural differences?
Having two ears on opposite sides of your head.
What are rods and cones?
What is photoreceptors. Rods are responsible for low light vision and cones are responsible for color vision.
What types of receptors detect warmth, cold, and pain?
In the case of Henry Molaison, (temporal lobes were removed) what memories couldn't he retain?
What is new memories.
What are some characteristics of Schizophrenia?
What is hallucination, delusion, disorganized thought, inappropriate emotions or lack of emotion, and/or social withdrawal.
Name 3 structures of the ear. *For double points describe their function*
Pinna: The flap of the ear on the side of your head (the outer ear).Pinna filters the sound and slightly amplifies it by funneling it from larger area to the smaller area of the auditory canal. It also selects for sounds in front to make focusing on a sound more easily.
Tympanic membrane: A very thin membrane stretched across the end of the auditory canal; its vibrations transmit sound energy to the three middle ear bones (or ossicles). It separates the outer and middle ear and is also called the eardrum.
Ossicles: Tiny bones in the middle ear that operate in lever fashion to transfer vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea. Malleus, incus, and stapes are named for their shapes: in English they are called hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
By concentrating the energy collected from the larger tympanic membrane onto the much smaller base of the stirrup, which rests on the end of the cochlea, the ossicles amplify the sound approximately 30-fold.
What are the dorsal and ventral pathways responsible for?
What are the functions of the ventral “what” and dorsal “where” streams.
Name a movement disorder and a characteristic of that disorder.
What is
- Parkinson's: motor tremors, rigidity, loss of balance and coordination, and difficulty in moving
- Huntingtons's: mild/infrequent jerky movements, fidgeting to limb movements to bodily writhing and grimacing, cognitive/emotional deficits
- Myasthenia gravis: muscle weakness (can be extreme)
- Multiple Sclerosis: deficits in tendon reflex and vibratory sense, muscular weakness, tremor, pain, impaired coordination, urinary incontinence, and visual problems.
Describe the split in the intelligence debate by defining what lumpers and splitters think.
What is
- lumpers: intelligence is a single, unitary capability
- splitters: intelligence is made up of several mental abilities
True or false: Only REM sleep is responsible for memory consolidation.
What is false: both REM and non-REM sleep are responsible.
What are Broca's area and Wernicke's area responsible for?
What is...
Broca's - speech production
Wernicke's - speech processing
What are the parvocellular and the magnocellular systems responsible for?
What is
Parvocellular system: allows discrimination of fine detail and color.
Magnocellular system: specialized for brightness contrast and movement.
What neurotransmitter stimulates muscle contraction?
What is acetylcholine.
What is LTP and LTD?
What is
- Long term potentiation: persistent strengthening of synapses (linked to learning)
- Long term depression: decrease in the strength of synapses (linked to discarding memories)
PTSD is distinguished by decreased activity in the ____.
What is medial prefrontal cortex.
Which hemisphere is responsible for prosody?
What is the right hemisphere.
How are those with blindisight still able to see?
What is a secondary pathway through the superior colliculus allows response to visual stimuli.
What are Golgi tendon organs?
What is tension receptors in the muscles.
What are the portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes that are active when the brain is at rest or focused internally rather than on the outside world called?
What is default mode network?
What is the brain region responsible as the main "clock" for circadian rhythm?
What is the Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)