Functions of Skin
What are the 6 functions of the Skin?
Sensation, Protection, Heat Regulation, Excretion, Secretion, Absorption
What are the 3 main layers of the skin?
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
What is melanin?
The pigment that determines skin, eye, and hair color.
What are the main qualities of healthy skin?
Soft, moist, smooth, and somewhat acidic
What are the 2 types of Keratin and what are their main characteristics?
Alpha, A Keratin- Softer and Beta, B Keratin - Harder
What is the Ph of the acid mantle?
5.5
What are the 5 layers of the Epidermis?
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum
Which skin layer produces melanocytes?
The basal layer of Stratum Germinativum
What is the average rate of cells turnover?
28 days
Why does an esthetician need to know about hair?
To perform treatments such as body waxing, sugaring and brow shaping.(page 100)
What is an oily substance that protects the surface of the skin?
Sebum
What is the top layer of the dermis and what does it contain?
Papillary layer- this contains hair papillae
What are the 2 types of melanin?
Pheomelanin (red to yellow color)
Eumalanin (Dark brown to Black)
Which layer of the Epidermis produces the thickest skin and what are the locations on the body?
Stratum Lucidum - palms and soles of feet
What influences hair growth?
Genetics, hormonal influences, and age
What is transepidermal water loss?
Water loss caused by evaporation on the skins surface.
What type of cells produce collagen and elastin?
Fibroblasts
What are melanosomes and what is their function?
Melanosomes are pigment granules that carry and produce the protein called melanin.
What controls the skins intricate functions?
Hormones, growth factors and other biochemicals (page 85)
Rapidly growing bacteria, curly hair and excessive sebum production can contribute to this?
Ingrown hairs, folliculitis
Which muscle causes "goosebumps"?
Arrector Pili Muscles
What is the fluid in the dermis and what is it composed of?
The fluid is the extracellular matrix. It is composed of collagen, other proteins and GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans)
What is the enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and produces melanin?
Tyrosinase
This is a hydrating fluid that is part of the dermal substance.
Hyaluronic Acid (page 93)
What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine glands?
Eccrine glands are not attached to a hair follicle and has openings on the skins surface directly through pores. Apocrine glands are attached to hair follicles and are found under the arms and genital areas.