HOMEOSTASIS- PHYSIOLOGY
Name the three atoms that make up the body
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen
In an Anaerobic Metabolism, 1 glucose molecule makes how many ATP
2 ATP
_____________ contributes to fluidity and stability of the membrane
Cholesterol
The majority of hormones in the body are what kind of hormones?
Peptide Hormones
Insulin is released from the pancreas, but from what type of cell?
Beta cells
What type of tissue exchange materials between the cell and the environment?
Epithelial Tissue
__________ is produced as a byproduct of cellular metabolism?
Carbon Dioxide
What are the three factors that can allow substances into the plasma membrane unassisted
2. small
3. Neutral charge
Long-range chemical messengers secreted into the blood by endocrine glands are called what?
Hormones
Sometimes a cell releases a signal that acts on itself. This is called...
Autocraine Signal
______ operates to maintain a given factor in the internal environment at a relatively constant optimal level?
Homeostatic control system
complete set of proteins expressed by protein
coding genes is called what?
Proteome
Higher solute in the intracellular fluid and lower solute in the extracellular fluid is what type of solution
Hypotonic Solution
What is the difference between Lipophobic and Lipophilic ( in terms of signal transduction)?
Lipophobic - binds to surface receptors
Lipophilic - diffuse into the cell and change gene expression
Target cells in the endocrine system have receptor specialization that allows them to be choosy about what they let in. This is called...
Specificity.
All cells require a supply of ______, _______, and __________________
Oxygen, Nutrients and Ability to eliminate carbon dioxide
Glucose is broken down into _________________
2 pyruvate molecules.
Name four vesicular transport and briefly describe all four of them.
Endocytosis - substances are brought into the cell.
Phagocytosis (cell eating)
Pinocytosis - Cell drinking
Exocytosis ( cell transports molecules out of the cell)
Transcytosis( exocytosis and endocytosis combined)
Name three functions of the ADH/vasopressin hormone?
Increased BP, Increased fluid volume, increased thirst, and decreased urine output.
List three differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
Nervous system - electrical impulses, quick, short range, and wired
Endocrine System - secrets hormones in the blood, long-range and wireless.
To maintain homeostasis, the control system must be able to do three things, what are they?
1. Detect Change
2. Process change
3. Restore the change
The yield of Aerobic Metabolism is 2 ATP 8 NADH and 2 FADH molecules. Not much ATP is produced, but the hydrogen carrier molecules are needed for what stage of cellular Respiration?
oxidative phosphorylation
What happens in the Sodium Potassium Pump?
Powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against its concentration gradient. In a single cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are extruded from and two potassium ions are imported into the cell.
What does the portal system in the hypothalamus ensures?
It ensures that a small amount of concentrated hormone is directed to its target.
Target-gland hormones inhibit hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormone secretion via _________?
Negative Feedback System.