Vascular
Cross-sectional area and velocity of blood flow share this type of relationship.
What is inversely related?
This type of increased blood flow is due to an increase in metabolic activity.
What is active hyperemia?
This is the part of the nephron where the majority of reabsorption occurs.
What is the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
This portion of the nephron is impermeable to water and establishes the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla.
What is the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
The majority of water in the body is in this space.
What is intracellular fluid?
This substance is secreted by vascular endothelial cells to induce vasoconstriction.
What is endothelin-1?
Regarding the myogenic autoregulatory control mechanism, passive stretch (due to increased BP) of an arteriole induces this vascular response.
What is vasoconstriction?
These cells in the nephron are important in the reabsorption of water and Na+, which also have receptors for ADH and aldosterone.
What are principal cells?
These cells have the roles of secreting HCO3- and the reabsorption of H+ into the blood.
What are type B intercalated cells?
Progesterone has this effect on a specific solute.
What is decreased Na+ reabsorption?
This is the equation used to solve for mean arterial pressure (MAP).
What is:
DP + 1/3(SP-DP)
This is the primary effect of arterioles in skeletal muscles in response to epinephrine.
What is vasodilation?
These cells are located in the DCT and are "sensors" for NaCl.
What are macula densa cells?
This hormone increases blood pressure via Na+ reabsorption (and water, by osmosis) and K+ excretion.
What is aldosterone?
This hormone increases osteoclast activity to increase Ca2+ levels.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
What are arterioles?
Some organs contain these special cells which adhere to the opposite side of the capillary basement membrane, allowing for selective permeability.
What are pericytes?
Sympathetic regulation causes this vascular change on the afferent arteriole.
What is vasoconstriction?
This nephron segment establishes the medullary osmotic gradient by acting as a countercurrent multiplier.
what is the loop of Henle?
This is the effect that hypocalcemia has on skeletal muscles.
Resistance increases by a factor of this much when blood vessel radius decreases by a factor of 2.
What is 16?
These are narrow, water-filled spaces found between endothelial cells in the capillary network.
What are intercellular clefts?
What is the osmotic gradient?
This commonly consumed substance decreases the reabsorption of Na+.
Increased extracellular K+ has this effect on neurons.
What is increased excitability?
(Increased RMP leads to easier action potential firing. If severe, may lead to inactivation of Na+ channels, leading to paralysis).