Neurons
These cells are the basic building blocks of the nervous system.
What are neurons?
These cells are involved in modulating growth of developing or damaged neurons
What are glial cells?
The rapid change in electrical potential across a cell membrane as a nerve impulse is transmitted.
What is action potential?
The small gap between neurons where communication occurs.
What is Synapse or Synaptic Cleft/Gap?
The state of a neuron when it is not transmitting a signal.
What is Resting Potential?
(-70mV)
This type of neuron carries information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.
What are sensory neurons?
These glial cells represent the effector immune cells of the CNS
What are Microglia?
This ions influx is primarily responsible for depolarization during an action potential.
What is Sodium (Na+)?
This process involves the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron.
What is Reuptake?
The Sodium-Potassium Pump helps to maintain resting potential by moving how many Potassium ions and Sodium ions?
What is 3 sodium ions OUT and 2 Potassium ions IN?
This structure in the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
These TWO cells are responsible for the multinational of axons In the CNS and PNS.
What are Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
The return to resting membrane potential after depolarization is caused by outflow of this ion.
What is Potassium (K+)?
This neurotransmitter is often increased by anti-anxiety medications.
What is GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)?
This state is when the inside of a neuron becomes more negative than resting potential.
What is hyperpolarization?
Due to Leaky Channels (K+)
This is a fatty coating that covers the axon and contributes to speed of the signal transfer
What is Myelin Sheath?
These star shaped cells are responsible for recycling neurotransmitters, buffering K+ levels, and are a source of lactate to neurons
What are Astrocytes?
These types of potentials are caused by the release of NT’s and are integrated at the axon to trigger an AP if threshold is exceeded.
What are EPSP’s and IPSP’s?
An excess of this neurotransmitter is linked to schizophrenia, while a deficiency is associated with Parkinson's disease.
What is Dopamine?
These are changes in membrane potential that do not follow the all-or-none law.
What are Graded Potentials?
Dynein and Kinesin are motor proteins which contribute to what kind of motion RESPECTIVELY
What are Retrograde and Anterograde?
What are the THREE main types of CNS glial cells?
What are Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglia?
PNS - Satellite cells, Schwann cells, Enteric glial cells
This refers to the time from the opening of the Na+ channels until the resetting of channels and ensures AP’s are an all-or-nothing event.
What is Absolute Refractory Period?
Relative Refractory Period - After ARP, Repolarization occurring, Elevated AP Threshold (But AP CAN be generated)
This neurotransmitter is involved in muscle movement and memory.
What is Acetylcholine?
Synaptic inactivation is achieved through these 3 major mechanisms.
What is Reuptake, Enzymatic Degradation, and Diffusion Away from the Synapse?