Analysis with technology
What force does a force plate measure?
Ground reaction force.
What is the equation for velocity?
Displacement (m) / time taken (secs)
What hormone do anabolic steroids resemble?
Testosterone
What athlete would benefit from sodium bicarbonate?
400m runner/ 100m swimmer
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using a force plate.
Advantage- results are immediately available.
Disadvantage- equipment is expensive.
Why is fibre important and name a source.
- Keeps your digestive system working properly.
- Fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, wholegrain.
Define momentum.
The quantity of motion possessed by a moving body.
Give three risks of using anabolic steroids.
- Liver damage
- Irritability, aggressions and mood swings
- Potential heart failure
- Hormonal disturbances (e.g. acne and male patterned hair growth)
Give two benefits and two risks of using caffeine.
- Risks: gastrointestinal problems, insomnia, heart palpitations.
Give two ways in which limb kinematics can optimise performance in sports.
To identify weaknesses and make changes to make technique more efficient.
To help prevent injuries.
To assess gait and movement efficiency.
To analyse sporting technique.
Give two reasons why electrolytes are important.
- Conducting electrical impulses
- Transport of nutrients
- Regulate ph
- Support muscle function
- Support energy production
- Support mental function
On a free body diagram, where do the weight and air resistance vectors originate, and why?
The centre of mass because they act on the whole body.
Benefits: increased RBC count, increased oxygen-carrying capacity, increased intensity and duration of performance.
Risks: hyper-viscosity of blood (stroke, blood clots, heart diseases), organ enlargement and high blood pressure.
Explain the process of glycogen loading.
- About 4-7 days before competition, athlete consume a high protein, high fat, low carbohydrate diet.
- About 4 days before competition, athlete does more glycogen depleting exercise.
- About 2-3 days before competition, athlete consumes a high carbohydrate diet.
- About 2-3 days before competition, exercise is tapered/ rest encouraged.
Name two uses of a wind tunnel.
- Adapt equipment (helmet, bike, clothing) to increase aerodynamic properties.
-Adapt technique to improve aerodynamics/ ensure it is more streamlined.
- To replicate the effect that wind causes on the air resistance of a bike.
Give three reasons water is important.
- Transport and absorption of minerals, vitamins, glucose and fatty acids.
- To allow chemical reactions to take place.
- Regulation of body temperature.
- Prevent dehydration and associated symptoms e.g. headaches.
What is meant by the term 'balanced forces'?
Forces are balanced if the overall net force = 0. If forces are balanced, the body will remain at rest or moving in a constant direction at a constant velocity.
- Increased muscle mass
- Increased fat metabolism
- Increased blood glucose levels
- Increased intensity of performance
- Faster recovery speed
Describe the timing of pre-event meals.
- 3 hours before: high carbohydrate meal with slow digesting (low GI) carbohydrates.
- 1-2 hours before: smaller meal/ snack with quick digesting carbohydrates (high GI).
Describe how limb kinematics is conducted.
- Reflective markers are placed on the performer's bony landmarks.
- Movements are filmed using multiple 3D video cameras.
- Cameras convert any motion shown by the reflective markers into a digital format for analysis.
Name and define the three components that make up Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)
1. BMR- basal metabolic rate- the minimum amount of energy required to sustain essential physiological functions at rest.
2. TEF- thermic effect of food- the energy required to eat, digest, absorb and eat food.
3. Physical activity energy expenditure- the total number of calories required to perform daily tasks.
Give six factors that affect drag.
- Velocity: higher velocity = more drag
- Shape: more aerodynamic shape = less drag
- Frontal cross-sectional area: smaller FCS = less drag
- Smoothness of surface: smoother surface = less drag
- Proximity to surface of water: close to surface of water = less drag
- A volume of blood is removed from the body 4 weeks ahead of the competition and stored (frozen).
- The athlete naturally replenished lost blood.
- A few hours before the competition, the blood is re-injected using a saline solution to increase RBC count and oxygen carrying capacity.
Give three benefits and two risks of consuming creatine monohydrate.
- Benefits: allows ATP-PC system to last longer, replenishes PC stores, increased training intensity and duration, increased muscle mass, increased explosive strength.
- Risks: liver damage, gastrointestinal issues, water retention/ bloating.