The Sensorimotor Stage
What is the period of development for the Sensorimotor Stage?
Birth to 2 years
What is the period of development for the preoperational stage?
2 to 7 years
What is the period of development for the concrete operational stage?
7 to 11 years
What is the period of development for the formal operational stage?
11 years and onwards
What do infants use to act on the world in order to “think”?
Their hands, mouth, ears, and eyes
What is the most notable change from the prior stage to this stage?
Children’s use of of symbols
What happens to a child’s reasoning during this stage?
It becomes better organized and logical
What is the key development of this stage?
The ability for systematic and abstract thought
What provides a child with a special means of adapting their first schemes as they repeat an event?
The circular reaction
During this stage, ___ develops and ___ takes place
Language; Make-believe play
In order for logical thought to occur, information must be what?
Concrete and perceived directly
Adolescents gain the ability to evaluate the logic of statements without doing what?
Without needing to consider real-world circumstances
What happens to the circular reaction in the second year?
It becomes creative and experimental
What does thinking still lack during this stage?
Logic
What is the ability to order items in a quantitative manner referred to as?
Seriation
What do children acquire that are considered to be networks of relations and concepts that enable them to think more effectively?
Central conceptual structures
What are the six substages of the Sensorimotor Stage?
Reflexive schemes, Primary circular reactions, Secondary circular reactions, Coordination of secondary circular reactions, Tertiary circular reactions, Mental representation
What is considered to be the most significant deficiency of preoperational thinking?
Egocentrism
What skill develops during this stage and demonstrates the ability to think through a series of steps in both the forward and reverse direction?
Reversibility
What is an ideal situation where an adolescent would apply systematic and abstract thinking?
When addressing a problem, developing a hypothesis, understanding inferences and assessing other variables