Composers
Composed two books of 24 preludes and fugues, called The Well-Tempered Clavier
Who is J.S. Bach?
MUSICAL EXAMPLE
What is "Claire de Lune" by Debussy?
A lyrical, singing, dreamy work that is inspired by, or evocative of, the nighttime.
What is a nocturne?
Fast, decorative notes added to melodies
What is ornamentation?
This era emphasizes counterpoint and layered independent melodies
What is the Baroque era?
Composed 32 piano sonatas and bridged the gap between the classical and romantic eras
Who is Beethoven?
This woman composer-pianist is known as one of the pioneers for performing concerts memorized
Who is Clara Schumann?
A form that includes a recurring main theme that alternates with contrasting sections
What is rondo form?
Flexible tempo for expression; means "to rob"
What is rubato?
This era focuses on clarity, balance, and structured forms like Sonata-allegro form.
What is the Classical era?
Wrote almost exclusively for the piano and composed in many genres, including preludes, etudes, nocturnes, sonatas, concerti, waltzes
Who is Chopin?
MUSICAL EXAMPLE
What is Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto No. 1 (first movement)
A Polish folk dance with strong accents on the second or third beat
What is a Mazurka?
The pedal with the Italian name meaning "one string."
This era focuses on individualism, emotion, virtuosity, and dramatic contrasts
What is the Romantic era?
Known for creating sounds akin to impressionist colors in painting
Who is Debussy?
This Italian instrument maker invented the piano in 1709.
Who is Bartolomeo Cristofori?
A musical composition designed to provide practice material for perfecting a particular musical skill
What is an etude?
A type of piece that uses a subject, which may have a "head" and "tail."
What is an invention or fugue?
This modern compositional style relies on repetition, subtle rhythmic shifts, and hypnotic, steady pulses
Fused Hungarian folk melodies with traditional forms and modern harmonies
Who is Bartok?
MUSICAL EXAMPLE
What is "Mazeppa" by Franz Liszt?
A composition that is a musical dialogue or a friendly "contest" where the pianist's virtuosic playing alternates and blends with the orchestral forces
What is a piano concerto?
Multiple independent melodic lines at one time
What is counterpoint?
This compositional style involves a pre-determined, ordered sequence of all twelve chromatic pitches and avoids a tonal center; Schoenberg, Webern, and Berg all composed in this style.
What is serialism or a 12-tone row?