Physical Development
What type of motor skills involve the large muscles of the body used for walking, running, and bending?
gross motor skills
This type of development includes cognitive awareness, critical thinking, language, and core academics.
intellectual development (or cognitive development)
This area of development includes observed emotions, body language, facial expressions, and managing feelings.
emotional development
Parents responding to their infant's needs in a caring way helps build what important social bond?
secure attachment
For the first six months of life, infants should be fed only this as their primary source of nutrition.
breast milk or iron-fortified infant formula
What is the term for an infant's early ability to pick up items using their whole hand, before developing the pincer grasp?
palmer grasp
Around what age do infants typically begin to show awareness that objects continue to exist even when out of sight?
8 to 12 months (This refers to the concept of object permanence)
At what age might a baby begin to smile spontaneously in response to a familiar face or voice?
2 to 3 months
Toddlers often define themselves by what belongs to them and will frequently use this word to claim objects.
"Mine"
When should you introduce complementary (solid) foods to an infant?
4 to 6 months (when developmentally ready)
What reflex, present at birth, causes an infant to push food out of their mouth when solid foods are introduced too early?
extrusion reflex
When a toddler says "I want'd the bear," they are using a grammatical error where they apply a rule too broadly. What is this concept called?
overgeneralization
This is often the first type of anxiety an infant goes through, typically beginning around 6-8 months.
stranger anxiety (or fear of strangers)
At what age do toddlers typically begin to see themselves as separate individuals from their parents or caregivers?
18 months
To help prevent iron deficiency, pediatricians recommend limiting milk intake for a 12-24 month old toddler to no more than this amount per day.
16 to 24 ounces (2-3 cups) per day
At approximately what age does an infant's weight typically triple from their birth weight?
12 months (one year)
According to Vygotsky's theory, the distance between what a child can do alone and what they can achieve with adult guidance is known as this.
zone of proximal development (ZPD)
By the end of their first year, children can express several emotions, including joy, anger, and fear. Name two more emotions they might express.
surprise, sadness, or interest
The social interactions generated through close proximity, such as shared play experiences, have been linked to developing skills in this important life area later in life.
financial literacy (or general social interaction)
Foods like whole grapes, nuts, popcorn, and uncut hot dogs should be avoided for toddlers due to this specific safety concern.
choking hazard
Toddlers (12-24 months) will gain significantly less height in their second year of life compared to their first year. Approximately how many inches might they gain in height during their second year?
3 to 5 inches
The brain will grow to 80% of its adult size by age 3. What essential nutrient, a derivative of essential fatty acids, is crucial for this rapid brain development?
DHA and ARA (Docosahexaenoic acid and Arachidonic acid)
When a toddler throws a tantrum because they do not get their way, it is an example of what basic emotion?
anger (or rage)
Taking a child to the park or library to interact with other children from diverse backgrounds are ways to encourage development in this area.
socialization (or social interaction)
For children younger than 2 years old, the American Academy of Pediatrics strongly recommends avoiding all foods and beverages that contain this ingredient.
added sugars