Arguments
Inductive Arguments
Deductive Arguments
Language/Meaning
Definitions
100
The following argument: All cats are mammals. Some mammals are animals. Some cats are animals.
What is deductive (categorical syllogism)?
100
Inductive arguments use this sort of reasoning.
What is probabilistic?
100
Deductive arguments use this sort of reasoning.
What is necessary (guaranteed)?
100
Identify the terms: Some injustices are violent crimes.
What are "injustices" and "violent crimes"?
100
Consider the following definition: “’Diffident’ means lacking confidence in oneself.” The underlined portion of the definition is called this.
What is the definiens?
200
Consider the following: Chopping onions makes you cry because when you cut into an onion you break its cells. This releases sulfenic acids, which lead to the production of a powerful gas called propanethiol sulfur oxide. When this gas reaches your eyes, it reacts with the water in your tears to produce sulfuric acid.
What is a nonargument (explanation)?
200
If you are given an inductive argument that seems probable, but all premises are false, the argument is described as this.
What is strong and uncogent?
200
Name a type of deductive argument.
What is a hypothetical syllogism, disjunctive syllogism, categorical syllogism, argument from mathematics, argument from definition?
200
The following in order of increasing intension: Living thing, daisy, plant, flower.
What is living thing, plant, flower, daisy?
200
This type of definition involves taking an action.
What is an operational definition?
300
Consider the following: Summer camp may not be as beneficial for young children as many parents expect. This is for the following reasons: The constant supervision that summer camp provides reduces self-reliance. Also, since children are herded from activity to activity, they are not given much opportunity to seek out or create their own activities. This absence of opportunity leads to less self-sufficient children who are always bored and do not know how to play on their own.
What is an argument? (Conclusion:Summer camp may not be as beneficial for young children as many parents expect.)
300
Consider the following: When Tom drove his car out of the driveway this morning, there were oil stains on the pavement. These stains were not there when he drove the car in the night before. We can conclude that Tom’s car is leaking oil.
What is strong (causal inference)?
300
Consider the following: No paperback books are electronic devices, and no electronic devices are made from trees. Therefore, some paperback books are made from trees.
What is invalid, unsound?
300
The following statement suffers primarily from this. The hospital was sued by seven foot doctors
What is ambiguity?
300
The definition “A ‘novella’ is a short novel” is an example of the following.
What is genus and difference?
400
(1) The selling of human organs, such as hearts, kidneys, and corneas, should be outlawed. (2) Allowing human organs to be sold will inevitably lead to a situation in which only the rich will be able to afford transplants. This is so because (3) whenever something scarce is bought and sold as a commodity, the price always goes up.
(see diagram)
400
Consider the following (for probability and truth): All movies directed by Quentin Tarantino have been romantic comedies. Therefore, the next movie he directs will also be a romantic comedy.
What is strong, uncogent?
400
Consider the following: All banks are financial institutions. Wells Fargo is a financial institution. Wells Fargo is a bank.
What is invalid, uncogent?
400
The following statement suffers primarily from this. The recipe requires fresh blueberries.
What is vagueness ("fresh")?
400
The definition “A ‘free market’ means a superior economic system in which prices are determined by robust competition between skillful and talented business owners” is an example of the following.
What is a persuasive definition?
500
(1) If you do not use fresh ingredients in the casserole, then it will not taste good. (2) It looks as though some of your ingredients are expired, so (3) the dish will not taste good. Also, (4) if you cook the casserole for too long, then it will burn, and (5) the casserole has been in the oven at least ten minutes longer than the time stated in the recipe. So, (6) the casserole is probably burnt. For these reasons, (7) the casserole is probably inedible.
(see diagram)
500
Consider the following (for probability and truth): Michelle Obama and Harry Styles are both 5’11” in height and both have brown hair. Since Michelle Obama has an unusually I.Q., it is likely that Harry Styles also has a high I.Q.
What is weak, uncogent?
500
Consider the following: If North Dakota is on the West Coast, then North Dakota is adjacent to Pacific Ocean. North Dakota is on the West Coast, therefore North Dakota is indeed adjacent to the Pacific Ocean.
What is valid, unsound?
500
Consider the following dispute: THOMAS: Your friend Sherri told us that she would be visiting her sisters in Knoxville this weekend. Therefore, she must not be at home. JAMES: I agree that Sherri is probably not at home, but you must have misheard her. She said that her sisters live in Nashville.
What is factual?
500
The definition “’Colloquium’ is derived from the Latin work colloquī which means talk together“ is an example of the following.
What is an etymological definition?
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