P&L Basics
Costs & Classifications
Variance Thinking
100

This financial statement measures the success of a company’s operations over a period of time.

What is the Statement of Activities, or P&L?

100

These are costs for producing and delivering products or services.

What are Cost of Services, or COS?

100

This version of financial results reflects what really happened.

What is Actual?

200

This is the income generated when a company sells goods or services.

What is Revenue?

200

These costs are not specifically related to making products or services but are still essential for managing and operating the product or portfolio.

What are Selling and General Costs, or SGC?

200

This version reflects what was planned for the calendar year.

What is Budget?

300

This is calculated as revenue minus expenses for a specified period of time.

What is Margin?

300

These overhead costs can be measured and allocated based on exam volumes or item counts, with examples including Surpass, Salesforce, Azure, and scoring systems.

What is Consumption-based Overhead Allocation?

300

This version reflects what we now expect to happen, using six months of actuals plus six months of new projection.

What is Forecast?

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