Types of Rocks
This type of rock forms when magma or lava cools.
What is Igneous rock?
The colour of a mineral in powdered form is called this.
What is streak?
Rocks can change types over time through this natural process.
What is the rock cycle?
This layer is the outermost and thinnest.
What is the crust?
Rocks are made up of one or more of these.
What are minerals?
This rock type forms from particles compacted and cemented together.
What is sedimentary rock?
This mineral test involves scratching the surface with other materials.
What is hardness?
How can magma change to a metamorphic rock?
What is cooling?
This layer is responsible for tectonic plate movement.
What is the mantle?
What texture would you expect in a rapidly cooled igneous rock?
Air bubbles or a glassy texture.
Name one rock that started as another type but changed due to heat and pressure.
What is marble (or any type of metamorphic rock)?
A mineral must be naturally occurring, solid, inorganic, and have a definite chemical formula and a _________.
What is crystal structure?
What are two surface processes that turn rock into sediment?
What are weathering and erosion?
Which layer is solid and made mostly of iron and nickel?
What is the inner core?
This characteristic helps identify if a rock formed from lava or magma.
What is crystal size?
Which type of rock often has layers and may contain fossils?
What is sedimentary rock?
What tool would you use to test a mineral’s streak?
What is a streak plate?
What happens to sediment before it becomes sedimentary rock?
It undergoes compaction and cementation.
How does temperature change as you move deeper into Earth?
It increases.
This characteristic helps identify whether a rock formed from lava or magma.
What is crystal size?
Describe how a sedimentary rock could become a metamorphic rock.
What is through heat and pressure over time beneath Earth's surface?
Explain the difference between cleavage and fracture in minerals.
Cleavage is when a mineral breaks along flat surfaces; fracture is when it breaks irregularly.
Describe a full rock cycle journey starting from magma and ending with metamorphic rock.
Magma → cooling → igneous rock → weathering/erosion → sediment → compaction/cementation → sedimentary rock → heat/pressure → metamorphic rock
Explain how pressure and heat change from the crust to the inner core.
Both increase significantly; the deeper you go, the higher the pressure and temperature.
You are given a rock that is very hard, has visible bands, and formed deep underground. Explain how you would classify this rock and why.
It is a metamorphic rock; the bands and hardness suggest heat and pressure altered its structure deep in the Earth.