Earth's layers
What is the thickest layer of the Earth called?
The Mantle
Hot molten rock that is on the surface of the Earth is called....
Lava
A process that moves soil, sand and gravel from one place to another is called....
Erosion
When volcanoes erupt little burnt bits of rock called _______ travel through the air for miles and can get stuck in the lungs of animals.
Ash
Name two events that cause sudden changes to Earth's surface. (Bonus point if you name a third)
Earthquakes and Volcanoes.
Bonus: Deposition
Why is the inner core completely solid?
There is too much pressure from the outside layers
Rocks are made of pure, naturally occurring minerals called.....
Minerals
Wind, water or ice breaking down rock is evidence of.....
Mechanical Weathering
How does a volcano erupt?
Magma gets built up and since it is lighter than solid rock it floats up and bursts through the crust
The colour of the powder that a mineral leaves behind when you rub it across a rough surface is called
Streak
What is the inner core made out of?
Iron and Nickel
One distinct feature of sedimentary rocks is......
Appearance of Layers
A large tree grows on the side of a rocky hill. Over time, its roots grow into small cracks in the rock, exerting pressure and breaking it apart. Additionally, the roots release organic acids that chemically break down minerals in the rock.
Biological and Chemical Weathering
What is the difference between the focus and epicentre.
The focus is where the rock breaks.
Epicentre is the point directly above the focus
Why are models important when describing the Earth AND give an example of a model we use to study Earth
It gives us an accurate picture of the Earth's details.
Ex. Globe, Maps
What are the Earth's layers in order from inside the Earth to outside
Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust
How is each rock type formed?
a. Igneous Rock
b. Sedimentary Rock
c. Metamorphic Rock
A. Igneous Rock - Molten rock cools & hardens
B. Sedimentary Rock - Bits of Rock are layered on top of each other and harden
C. Metamorphic Rock - Rock is under extreme heat & pressure
How are Coulees formed?
Glaciers carved down the rock when they melted
What causes an Earthquake?
When large masses of rock in Earth’s crust move, they sometimes get stuck together. A great amount of energy is created until the rock finally breaks.
What is the distance from the inner core to the crust?
Approx. 6400 km
What is the difference between the rocks that exist in the crust and mantle
The crust is made up of solid rock
The mantle is made up of semi-solid rock that flows very slowly
Name the 6 properties of minerals that can be used to identify them
1. Colour
2. Lustre
3. Streak
4. Cleavage
5. Fracture
6. Hardness
How are Hoodoos formed?
Weathering and erosion break down the soft parts of the rock
Why do earthquakes and volcanoes happen in the same place and time?
The movement of magma under the crust can be so great that it causes earthquakes around the volcano
A soccer ball is kicked from the ground at an angle of 30.0° above the horizontal with an initial velocity of 15.0 m/s.
What is the time of flight of the soccer ball until it hits the ground again
1.53 seconds